Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) on Veterinary Anatomy and Histology (Part-6)

ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS

1.

a. (Foramina of Winslow)
Foramen of Winslow is the only natural communicating foramen between the greater peritoneal sac and the lesser peritoneal sac. It It is known as epiploic foramen or the Omental foramen.
-Foramen of Monro - Foramen between the lateral ventricle and 3rd ventricle
-Foramen of Magendae (Median aperture)- foramina in the ventricular system, links between 4th ventricle and the cisterna magna (Cisterna Magna is the region in the brain posterior to the medulla oblongata below the cerebellum, cerebrospinal fluid enters from the 4th ventricle)
Mental foramen- Bilateral opening in the vestibular portion of the mandible from where the mental nerve, emerges.

2.

b. (2)
Number of interosseous spaces between radius and ulna in Ox is 2.
-Number of interosseous spaces between radius and ulna of Horse, dog and fowl is 1

3.

d. (Scaphoid)
Synonyms of radial carpal bone - Scaphoid
Intermediate carpal bone - Semilunar
Ulnar Carpal bone - Cuneiform
Accessory carpal bone - Pisiform
Fourth carpal bone - Unciform

4.

a. (Metacarpal and 1st phalanx)
1st Sesamoid bone is found in between metacarpal and 1st phalanx
IInd sesamoid bone is found between IInd phalanx and IIIrd phalanx.
Sesamoid bones are of two types in Ox:
Proximal sesamoid bone: 4 in number in each limb, 2 for each functional digit.
Distal sesamoid bone (navicular bones.): 2 in number, one for each digit.
Note:
There are 2 proximal sesamoid and one distal sesamoid bone in horse.
Dog - There are 9 posterior and 5 anterior sesamoid bone in proximal group and distal sesamoid is cartilaginous.
Pig - There are 2 proximal and 1 distal sesamoid bone in each digit.

5.

c. (Fowl)
Illio- Ischiatic foramen is found in Fowl.

6.

a. (Rumen)
Horny Papillae is found in Rumen.
Honeycomb like mucosa (Sieve like) found in Reticulum
Ladies purse like mucosal folds found in Omasum
Glandular glands are found in Abomasum

7.

a. (Ontogeny)
Entire development of the individual is called Ontogeny
Phylogeny: Ancestral history of the species.
Embryology: branch of animal biology that studied prenatal development of gametes, fertilization, development of embryo and fetus.

8.

a. (Parotid salivary duct)
There are 3 major salivary glands - parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands.
Stensen’s duct drains the parotid glands opposite the upper second molar.
Wharton’s duct drains the submandibular and sublingual glands into the floor of the mouth near the frenulum of the tongue.
Note:
-Largest salivary gland of Horse - Parotid salivary gland
Zygomatic salivary gland is found in Dog.

9.

c. (Liver)
Falciform ligaments are related to liver.
Major ligaments of the liver are as follows:
Falciform or Anterior ligament: Attaches the parietal surface of the liver with the diaphragm
Right lateral ligament: Connects dorsal part of liver to the caudal part of the diaphragm
Round ligament: Connects the umbilical fissure of liver to the umbilicus
Caudate ligament: Attaches caudate lobe of the liver to the right kidney, abdominal venacava and part of pancreas
Lesser omentum: Attaches along the portal fissure and extends up to the esophageal notch, connects liver with the omasum and lesser curvature of abomasum.

10.

b. (Kidney)
Duct of bellini is related to kidney.
Duct of bellini (papillary or collecting duct) are the long narrow tubes in the kidney that concentrates and transport urine from the nephron to the larger ducts that connect with the renal calyces.

11.

d. (Urinary bladder)
Remnant of the umbilical artery is present in Urinary bladder.
After birth, the umbilical arteries retract into the lateral ligament of the bladder and umbilical vein become the round ligament of the liver (Ligamentum teres hepatis).
Note:
The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated fetal blood towards the placenta for replenishment, and the umbilical veins carries oxygenated blood from placenta into growing fetus.

12.

d. (Urinary bladder)
Trigone is present at Urinary bladder.
-It (trigone) is a triangular shaped region at the base of the bladder defined by presence of 2 ureteral orifices and the internal urethral meatus.

13.

b. (Dorsally)
-Tracheal cartilage is incomplete dorsally.
Trachea is an elastic tube extends from larynx to the level of the base of heart, made up of cartilages and membranes. There are about 50 to 60 cartilages (in animals) and 115 cartilages in fowl incomplete dorsally.
Tracheal tube is about 60cm long, terminating by bifurcating into 2 parts (left and right bronchi) at base of heart, characterized by having 2 parts:

a. Cervical part:

From larynx upto level of thoracic inlet. Dorsally related to oesophagus upto level of 3rd cervical vertebra. After 3rd cervical vertebra, longus coli muscles found in dorsal aspect. Ventrally, related to sternothyrohyoideus muscles and laterally to the carotid artery, jugular vein, Vago sympathetic trunk and recurrent laryngeal nerve.

b. Thoracic part:

At level of 3rd intercostal space, it gives extra bronchus at the right side and ventilate at apical lobe of lung, known as apical bronchus. It related dorsally to oesophagus and longus coli muscle, left laterally to the aortic arch, left axillary artery, and thoracic duct, right laterally to the vagus and ventrally to the anterior vena cava, brachiocephalic trunk and recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Note:

Trachea is composed of an outer adventitia, cartilaginous rings, a submucosa coat, and mucus membrane.
-Complete tracheal cartilage rings are found in fowl.

14.

d. (9)
Number of Air sac in fowl - 9
2 cervical; 1 clavicular; 2 cranial thoracic; 2 caudal thoracic 2 abdominal

15.

d. (Cryptorchism)
Animals in which one or both testes are retained in abdominal cavity, called cryptorchidism.

Gynandromorph is an animal whose literally whole body split down the middle or in large section, with one section being male and other female, not just sex organs.

16.

d. (All)
Spermatic cord extends from the internal abdominal rings of the inguinal canal to the upper end of the corresponding testis.
Spermatic cord is composed of two bundles- cranial and caudal, enclosed by tunica vaginalis propria; Through the cranial bundle- arteries, vein, lymphatics and nerve passes. Cremaster internus muscle is in this cranial bundle too. The caudal bundle accommodates only the vas deferens.
Both the bundles are again covered by tunica vaginalis reflexa.
Blood supply: Spermatic artery from aorta, artery of the cord from the external iliac and artery of vas from the umbilical artery
Nerve supply: Spermatic plexus

17.

Colliculus seminalis is a rounded prominence situated on the ventromedial wall of the urethra about 5 cm caudal to the urethral opening from the bladder.

18.

c. (Horse)
Urethral sinus is seen in Horse.

19.

c. (Horse)
Corona glandis is present in Horse

Penis of Horse:

At the base of the glans, there is border called corona glandis in penis of horse. The penis of horse is thick and short. The corpus cavernosum penis, which forms the bulk of the organ contains numerous trabeculae and erectile tissue.

Penis of Dog:

Os- penis is present at cranial portion of body of penis of dog.
-External urethral orifice is present at tips of glans
Bulbus glandis (Enlarged caudal part of glan) is present in penis of dog.

Penis of Boar

Cranial part of penis is twisted
-Sigmoid flexure is present
-Just above the orifice of prepuce, there is an ovoid blind pouch known as preputial diverticulum

Note:

Penis is cylindrical copulatory structure, consists of 3 parts: root, body and glans. At developmental stage, the genital tubercle at cranial end of cloacal membrane lengthens to form phallus, which enlarges to form penis.

20.

d. (Tunica vaginalis)
Meso ovarium is the portion of the broad ligament that covers the ovaries.
Graffian follicle is matured (ready to ovulate) follicle present in ovary
The Tunica albuginea is the thick fibrous connective tissue that covers the ovaries and testes
Tunica vaginalis is the pouch of serous membrane (derived from peritoneum) that covers the testes.

21.

a. (Horse)
False nostril or Diverticulum nasi is present in Horse.
Inside the equine nostril, there is a long cutaneous sac known as False nostril or diverticulum nasi. The diverticulum nasi is caudal to the nostril and is easily palpated by passing a finger into the nostril in a caudal lateral direction.

b. Fowl
Diaphragm is rudimentary in Fowl.

23.

a. (2)
Number of mammary glands in Mare - 2
The number of mammary glands in bitch - 10
In cattle, number of Mammary glands - 4, situated in the inguinal region, 2 on either side of median line between the thighs.
Number of Mammary glands in pig - 10 to 12
Note: Mammary gland is an accessory organ of reproductive system. It develops at puberty. It is modified sweat gland.
Duct system of mammary gland develops under influence of Estrogen and gland (alveoli) develops under influence of progesterone.

24.

a. (Lymph)
Cisterna chyli (receptaculum chyli) is a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow. It receives fatty chyle from intestine. And act as place for lipid products of digestion.

25.

a. (Occipito- atlantal articulation)
“Yes” joint, formed in Occipito - atlantal articulation.

“No” joint formed in Atlanto- axial articulation.

26.

d. (Abducent nerve) (6th Cranial nerve)
Abducent nerve supply to lateral rectus muscles of eye.
Muscles of Eye and their nerve supply:
Extraocular muscles:

a. Voluntary muscles:

superior rectus: Oculomotor
Inferior rectus: Oculomotors
Lateral rectus: Abducens nerve
-Medial rectus: Occulomotor
Superior obliqus: Trochlear nerve
-Inferior obliqus: Occulomotor
Levator palpebrae superioris - Occulomotor

b. Involuntary muscles:

Superior tarsal
Inferior tarsal
Orbitalis
Note: Trochlear nerve origin from behind corpora quadrigemina; Olfactory nerve origin from olfactory bulb; optic nerve origin from optic commissure; Mixed longest (Pneumogastric nerve) - Vagus

27.

a. (Linea alba)
-Median fibrous raphe. extends from the xiphoid cartilages to prepubic tendon: Linea alba
Linea alba is a thin band of connective tissue that runs down infront of abdomen, separates left and right sides of rectus abdominis muscles.
Linea alba is highly elastic, strong and white in colour.

Note:

Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s ligament/ groin ligament) is a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine.

28.

a. (0033/4033)
Dental formula of the Ruminant - 0033/4033
Horse - 3133/3133
Dog - 3142/3143
Pig - 3143/3143
Most compact (hardest) part of Tooth - Enamel
Substance forms thin layer on root of teeth- Cement
-Ivory like part of teeth - Dentine
Cord like structure under surface of tongue of dog - Lyssa
Wide mucus fold under surface of tongue - Frenum linguae
Wide hard papillae at floor of tongue - Caruncula sublingualis

29.

b. (18)
Hard palate of Horse contains 18 transverse ridges in each half.
Ox's hard palate contains 15 to 19 transverse ridges in each half.
Dog's hard palate contains 22 transverse ridges in each half
Pig's hard palate contains 20 transverse ridges in each half.

Note:

Palate is divided into 2 part - anterior (hard palate) and posterior (Soft palate). Hard palate forms the roof of the mouth, composed of dense connective tissue which is covered by mucus membrane.
A small triangular structure - the papilla incisive is present on the midline between the dental pads and 1st transverse ridge of hard palate.

30.

a. (Horse)
-Area of cribosa is found in kidney of Horse.
The base and sides are surrounded by cortical tissue, and the apex protrudes into the renal calyces. These protrusions are known as renal papillae, and the area of Cribosa and their surface is punctured by numerous papillary duct apertures (ducts of Bellini).

Note:

Since, it's a part -6, for part-5 (Mcq) on Veterinary anatomy and histology, visits: Multiple Choice Questions on Veterinary Anatomy and Histology (Part-5) - Vet Lectures (veterinarylectures.com)

For part 7, go to this site

For video: https://youtu.be/8wxmONQmupo (Part-6)