Three muscles of hip, the obturator externus and gamellus are inserted on the ………. fossa in the Ox
c. Trochanteric
- -Three muscles of hip, the obturator externus and gamellus are inserted on the trochanteric fossa in the Ox.
- Muscles of the Medial aspects of the thigh are arranged in 3 layers:
a. Superficial layers:
- Sartorius: Origin: Shaft of ilium, psoas minor and iliac fascia; Insertion: Medial patellar ligament, medial aspects of proximal end of tibia, and fascia lata.
- Gracialis: Origin: Pelvic symphysis and prepubic tendon; Insertion: medial patellar ligament, medial aspects of proximal end of tibia and fascia lata.
b. Middle layer:
- Pectineus: Origin: Ventral surface of pubic and pre pubic tendon; Insertion: posterior surface of femur at the distal end, medial patellar ligament, and medial tuberosity of tibia
- Adductor: Origin: pelvic symphysis as well as ventral surface of pubis and ischium; Insertion: Distal end of femur at its posterolateral aspects and supracondyloid crest
- Semi membranous: Origin: Ischial symphysis, ventral surface of ischium and ischial tuberosity; Insertion-Area above the supracondyloid crest and medial tuberosity of tibia.
c. Deep layer:
- Quadratus femoris: Origin: Ventral surface of ischium; Insertion: Trochanter minor and posterior surface of femur close to the trochanter minor
- Obturator internus: Origin: Ischium and pubis at their pelvic surface; Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur
- Obturator Externus: Origin: Ventral surface of ischium and pubis; Insertion: Trochanteric fossa
- Gamellus: Origin: Ventral surface and lateral border of ischium and posterior part of Sacro sciatic ligaments; Insertion: Trochanteric fossa.
The prostate gland in the bull has got 2 major divisions, corpus and pars……
a. Disseminata
- The prostate gland in the bull has got 2 major divisions, corpus and pars disseminata.
- Prostate gland is a fibromuscular gland situated at the neck of bladder and the beginning of urethra, composed of glandular alveoli.
- The whole gland is covered by fibromuscular capsule, from which band arises and enter into the gland proper, forming meshwork.
- Although, it is said having 2 lobes, but lobulations are not distinct.
- The dorsal surface of prostate gland, related to rectum while ventral surface related to urethra and neck of bladder
- Average cranio- caudal length - 2cm; transverse length - 6 cm; thickness - 1 cm
- A number of prostatic ducts drains the secretions of glands into the urethra.
The splenic artery of the Ox arises by a common trunk with
a. Right ruminal artery
- The splenic artery of the Ox arises by a common trunk (Celiac artery) along with right ruminal artery.
Branches of Celiac artery:
- Phrenic artery
- Splenic artery
- Right ruminal artery
- left ruminal artery
- Hepatic artery
- Left gastric/omasoabomasal artery
The sciatic nerve continues as
a. Internal popliteal nerve
- The sciatic nerve continues as Internal popliteal nerve.
- The sciatic nerve just before reaching the popliteal fossa (continues as internal popliteal nerve), divides into 2 important branches: tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve.
The cells occurring in the organ of Corti and anterior epithelium of lens of eye are simple ………. type
c. Cuboidal
- The cells occurring in the organ of Corti and anterior epithelium of lens of eye - Simple Cuboidal type.
- Pseudostratified epithelium - Trachea
- Transitional - Urinary Bladder
- Brushbordered Columnar epithelium - Intestinal tract
- Simple Squamous epithelium - Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
- Simple Columnar- Endometrium of Uterus
- Ciliated Columnar - Oviduct and Respiratory tract
Note:
The connective tissue capsule of lymph node is composed of collagen and elastic fibers.
The trilaminar cell membrane consists of 2 peripherals dense ……… layers and light central phospholipid layer
a. Protein
- The trilaminar cell membrane consists of two peripheral dense protein layers and light central phospholipids layers.
. The collagenous fibers of connective tissue stain…………. in the Malori Trichrome stain
d. Blue
- Mallory’s trichrome stain (Mallory Triple Stain) uses 3 stains - Aniline blue, Acid fuchsin, and Orange G, reveals collagen, ordinary cytoplasm and RBC.
- Reticular fibers take silver stains, hence called Argyrophilic fibers.
Note: H and E stains: ( Haematoxylin and Eosin stain)
- Nucleus: Bluish black
- Cytoplasm: Pink
- RBC : Orange Red
- Muscles fibers: Reddish violet
Elastic fibers take dark brown/ purple color with orcein dye while takes blue black with resorcin Fuchsin.
Gamont do not produce gametes in blood of man because
a. They fail to get appropriate temperature
Gamonts do not produce gametes in blood of man because they fail to get appropriate temperature there.
Mesodermal tissues made up of adipose tissue is called
c. Botryoidal tissue
- Mesodermal tissue madeup of adipose tissues (called botryoidal tissues) found in Hirudinea of Phylum Annelida, consists of grape like masses of cells containing a brown pigment and serves an Excretory functions.
- Mesenchyme (a type of loosely organized animal embryonic connectives tissues of undifferentiated cells that gives rise to most tissues, such as skin, blood and bone.
- Mesoglea: A gelatinous substance between the endoderm and ectoderm of Coelenterates.
Malleolus is
d. Prominence at end of tibia
- Malleolus is the bony prominence with a shape likened to a hammerhead, located at distal end of fibula or tibia.
Gorilla rib is
a. Extra floating rib
- Gorilla rib is Extra floating ribs.
Crista Galli is related to bone
b. Ethmoid bone
- The crista Galli is a thick, midline, smooth triangular process arising from the superior surfaces of the ethmoid bone, projecting into the anterior cranial fossa. It separates the olfactory bulbs, which lies on either side of it in the olfactory fossae of the cribriform plate.
The articulation between the roots of the teeth in the alveolar socket are termed as
c. Gomphosis
- Gomphosis: Fibrous mobile peg and socket joints. The roots of teeth (the pegs) fit into their sockets in the mandible and maxilla.
- Syndesmosis: Fibrous joint in which two adjacent bones are linked by a strong membrane or ligaments.
- Schindylesis: Schindylesis is an articulation in which two bones are joined by fitting the ridge of one bone into the groove of another. (Also known as Wedge and groove joint).
Middle Ear is situated in
d. Tympanic bulla
- Middle Ear is situated in Tympanic Bulla.
In which condition, muscle remain in a prolonged contraction
c. Tetanus
- Condition in which muscles remains in prolonged contractions - Tetanus
- Type of Traumatic brain injury, caused by a bump, blow or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and froth.
- Muscles twitch (Fasciculation) occurs when innervation from the PNS to the muscles is not working correctly and a muscle is triggered involuntarily, causing it to twitch.
- Poliomyelitis: Paralysis caused due to infection of spinal cord (by polio virus).
Coroneal suture is between which of the following
a. Parietal and Frontal
- Coroneal suture: Coroneal suture is between Frontal and Parietal bone.
- Lambdoid suture: Lambdoid suture is between Parietal and Occipital
- Squamosal suture: Squamosal suture is between temporal and Parietal bone
Motor unit of gastrocnemius has
c. 1900 muscle fibers
- Motor unit of gastrocnemius has 1900 muscles fibers.
Solid mass of blastomeres is called
a. Morula
- Solid mass of Blastomere is called Morula
- Hollow sphere of cells, produced during the development of an Embryo by repeated cleavage of a fertilized age. The cells of the blastula form an epithelial covering layer (blastoderm), enclosing a fluid filled cavity - Blastocoel.
- An Embryo at this stage following blastula, when it is hollow cup- shaped structures having 3 layers of cells.
- Neurula: An early vertebrate embryo which follows gastrula and in which nervous tissue begins to differentiate and the basic pattern of the vertebrates begins to emerge.
Penile urethra traverses through
b. Corpora spongiosum
- Penile urethra traverses through Corpora Spongiosum.
Scrotum is absent in male of
b. Otter
- -Scrotum is absent in male of Otter.
Which of the following increases surface area in ileum
b. Villi
- Villi increases Surface area in ileum.
- Increases the surface area, Higher the absorptions.
Gall bladder is located on which part of liver
a. Right central lobe
- -The gall bladder is a small hollow intraperitoneal organ, located on visceral surface of liver, between right and quadrate liver lobes.
Median crest present on
b. Tibia
- Median crest present on Tibia.
Egg of mammals lack which egg membrane
c. Tertiary
Three types of Egg membranes:
1. Primary egg membranes: Those are derived from the protoplasm of egg itself. They are differentiated into a. Vitelline membrane b. Fertilization membrane: After fertilization, vitelline membrane transforms into fertilization membrane by adding structural proteins from the cortical granules. c. External to vitelline membrane, there is jelly like layer, which also a primary membrane.
2. Secondary egg membranes: Formed by follicles cells such as chorion (Chorion is generally chitinous or horny in nature).
3. Tertiary egg membranes: derived as secretions from the wall i.e., Oviduct.Which of the following part of Spermatozoan arises from centriole
d. Axonema
- Part of spermatozoan arises from the centrioles - Axonema
The Musculo spiral groove is present on the……… surface of……. bone
a. Lateral, humerus
- -The radial groove (Musculo spiral groove, radial sulcus, spiral groove) is a broad but shallow oblique depression for the radial nerve and deep brachial artery, located on the center of the lateral border of the humerus bone.
The glenoid cavity of scapula is ………. in outlines in Ox and oval in…….
c. Circular, horse
- The glenoid cavity of scapula is shallow circular in outlines in Ox and oval in Horse.
Muscles sartorius consists of…………. heads
b. 2
- Muscles sartorius consists of 2 heads. (Note: Longest muscles in Human body).
- Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvic bone
- Insertion: Anteromedial surfaces of the proximal tibia in the pes anserinus.
- Artery: Femoral artery
- Nerve: Femoral nerve.
Bronchial artery is the………. blood supply to lungs while the ………… artery is the functional blood supply to the lungs respectively
a. Pure, pulmonary
- Bronchial artery is the pure blood supply to the lungs while the pulmonary artery is the functional blood supply to the lungs.
Utero- ovarian artery is the branch of
a. Abdominal aorta
- Utero- ovarian artery is the branch of Abdominal aorta.
Branches of Abdominal Aorta:
- Celiac artery
- Cranial mesenteric artery
- Renal arteries
- Testicular/ovarian arteries
- Lumbar arteries
- Caudal mesenteric artery
In which species are RBC of oval shape
b. Horse
Different Shapes of RBC of different Species
- Dog, Cow, Sheep - Markedly biconcave
- Horse and Cat - Shallow concaving (Oval)
- Goat - Very shallow or flat surfaced erythrocytes
- Camel and Deer - Elliptical and sickle shaped
- Amphibian and Birds - Elliptical and Nucleated
Each lamina of the cerebellum is made up of
d. All
- Each lamina of the cerebellum is made up of Molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer and Granular cell layer.
- The cerebellum consists of a cortex covering white matter, as well as ventricles filled with fluid.
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