1. ‘People learns more rapidly and permanently when the learning experience is pleasant and enjoyable’ relates to:
a. Law of readiness b. law of exercise c. Law of effect d. law of belonging
2.“Learning should make sense to the learners” comes under a. Principle of readiness b. Principle of clarity c. Principle of Practice d. Principle of timing
3.The extension workers tells about the variety characters to the farmers, the farmers learn by a. Abstraction b. Learning c. Intelligence d. Questioning
4.A body of general principles or law of a field of knowledge: a. Objective b. Philosophy c. Mandate d. principles
5.The most preferred approach in Extension work is a. Autocratic b. Democratic c. Lessie fair d. None
6.The technique used for projects involving activities of non – repetitive nature is a. CPM b. WBS c. PERT d. PRA
7.The general micro unit of an agro ecosystem: a. District b. Village c. Farmer d. Household
8.The extension service in USA is called: a. NES b. Extension work c. CES d. RES
9.Land Grant Colleges came into existence as part of a. Smith Liver Act b. Morilla Act c. Hatch Act d. Extension Act
10.The English equivalent of the word “Communis” is a. Information b. Talk c. Common d. None
11.Levels of Communication are a. Conventional b. Exploratory c. Participative d. All
12.The way in which message is handled before placing in the channel: a. Decoding b. Treatment c. Distortion d. Feedback
13.The type of Audience, best suited for communication process is called: a. Active Audience b. Potential Audience c. Available Audience d. None
14.The degree which individuals involved in communication differs in certain characteristics: a. Homophily b. Credibility c. Empathy d. Heterophily
15.Constant feedback between sender and receiver is the characteristics features of a. Interpersonal communication b. Mass communication c. Written Communication d. Vertical communication
16.The SMCR model of Communication is given by a. Berlo b. Laswell c. Roger d. Leagens
17.LCD expands to a. Lazier crystal digital b. lazier crystal display c. liquid crystal display d. liquid crystal digital
18.The principle used in slide – cum – film projector: a. Direct projection b. Indirect projection c. Reflected projections d. Diffused projections
19.Amplifier is a a. Electronic medium b. Print medium c. Written medium d. None
20. Primary color used in Extension are a. red, blue, yellow b. red, blue, green c. red, blue, purple d. Red, Yellow, Green
21.The teaching aid which best suit representing suspense, sequence and storytelling effects: a. Flash cards b. Flannel graph c. Flip chart d. All
22.The ABC of journalism is related to a. Accuracy, Brevity, Credibility b. Accuracy, Brevity and Clarity c. Accountable, brief and clear d. Active, Brief and Clear
23.The technology flow in the farmer 1st model is basically from: a. Agents to farmers b. Researcher to agents c. Farmers to farmers d. Researcher to farmer
24.The spreads of technology in the social system: a. Diffusion b. Teaching c. Learning d. Adoption
25.Which of the following are the major steps or components in training process: a. Training need assessment and designing training programs b. Training implementation and evaluation c. Training need assessment and training implementation d. All
ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS
1
c. (Law of effect)
There are 3 major learning theories:
a. Stimulus - Response theory: It’s assume that man’s environment ( stimulus) shape his behavior (Response). Four important law of this S-R theory are:
‘People learn more rapidly and permanently when the learning experience is pleasant and enjoyable’ relates to Law of effect.
A satisfying state of affairs results when an individual is ready to learn and is allowed to do so - Law of Readiness
The law of exercise stated that what is practiced is learned states that a practice is forgotten when discontinued. So, continued practice is necessary for retention of what is learnt. According to this law, behaviour is more strongly established through frequent connections of stimulus and response.
The principle of belongingness explains that concepts, elements, or skills are more easily learned if they are perceived as belonging together i.e.. cause and effect; known and unknown; old and new; specific and general.
b. Cognitive Theory: stated that man’s perception or understanding of stimulus shapes his behavior nor the stimulus alone.
c. Motivation Theory: Stated that motivation factors either internal or external that drive individual toward goals.
2.
b. (Principle of clarity)
Learning should make sense to the learners’ comes under principle of Clarity.
3.
a. (Abstraction)
The extension workers tell about the variety characters to a farmer, the farmers learns by Abstraction
4.
b. (Philosophy)
A body of general principles or law of a field of knowledge - Philosophy
A blue print for action - plan
Measuring performance against predetermined goals - Evaluation
something toward which effort is directed - objectives
5.
b. (Democratic)
The most preferred approach in Extension work – Democratic
Autocratic approach- there is dictatorship, where main leader hold maximum power over group.
Leissez faire approach- where individual farmers takes decision as their own, there is no place for discussion.
6.
c. (PERT)
The technique used for projects involving activities of non- repetitive nature – PERT
PERT ( Project Evaluation and Review technique) - Visual project management tool used to map out and track the tasks and timelines.
Father of PRA ( Participatory Rural Appraisal) – Robert Chambers
The collection of data in RRA ( Rapid Rural Appraisal) is based on Multidisciplinary team
CPM ( Critical Path Methods) - Resource-utilization algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities.
A work-breakdown structure (WBS) in project management and systems engineering is a deliverable-oriented breakdown of a project into smaller components.
7.
b. (Village)
The general micro unit of an agro ecosystem – Village
8.
c. ( CES)
Full form of CES: Cooperative Extension Service
Under the “Smith Lever Act”, Cooperative Extension Service is created in USA. CES is the Cooperative arrangement between the government, Land Grant College and the people. It is a partnership agency in which government, LGC sit in council with rural people and together analyze local conditions, take stock of their resources, and ,make and help to carry out programs for the financial, educational and social benefit of the community and it’s individual’s members.
CES of USA is the 1st organized extension work in world
Full form of RES: Research and Education space
Full form of NES: National Extension Service
9.
b. (Morilla Act)
Land Grant Colleges came into existence as part of Morilla Act.
Morilla Act was passed in 1862, under which land grant college was started having 3 folds functions i.e. Teaching, Research and Extension. This act provided grants of public land to state for establishing and maintaining at least one Agriculture college in each state. The main aim of this college is to acquire a new knowledge and to diffuse research recommendation related to agriculture among the people.
Hatch Act was passed in 1887, under which the provision of establishing experiment station in each land grant college in field of agriculture. Thus, a tradition of extension work began in the form of demonstration, farmer’s institute, printed bulletin and correspondence courses in agriculture.
By the end of 1914, Smith Lever - Act created CES where officials of government( Federal, State and Local )sit together with LGC in council with rural people and together analyze the local conditions, take stock of their resources and make and help to carry out programs for the financial, educational and social benefits of the community and it’s individual members.
10.
c. (Common)
The word Communis means the “common” .
11.
b. (Exploratory)
Level of Communication are Exploratory
Some important Facts about Communication:
Kinds of Communication
According to forms: Written, Pictorial, Spoken, Gesture, Communication with self ( thinking), Communication through actions ( Drama), communication through touch( buying clothes from market), Communication by visual symbols (Traffic lights), Tele- communication ( via phone).
Rules of Effective Communication:
Effective communication can be developed by applying 21 simple rules: @ TOMATO CATSUP AND SAUCES
T- Thoroughly understand your audience o - Organize yourself M - Make sure what you are talking about A - Avoid the ambiguous message
T- Take time to explain the message O- obtain feedbacks C- Cultivate listening A- Avoid Extremes
T- Talk, not continuously S- say what you mean U - Use technical words only when unavoidable circumstances P- pay attention to little talks
A - Avoid using irritating names N - never use fancy words to impress D - Dramatize the main points by examples
S - speak clearly, accurately and briefly, slowly using simple words A- Avoid double meaning words U - Use controlled gesture and tone
C- Choose the proper condition E - Establish rapport S- Select and use suitable teaching methods
12.
b. (Treatment)
The way in which message is handled before placing in the channel – Treatment
Different Models of Communication Channel
Aristotle’s model: Speaker - Speech - Audience
Shammon Weaver’s Model: Source - Transmitter - Signal - Receiver - Destination
Westley and Maclean Model (Used in Military) : Sender - Encoding - Channel - Decoding - Receiver
Lieagan’s model: Communicator - Message - Channel - Treatment - Audience - Response of Audience
Berlo’s model: Communication Source - Encoder - Message - Channel - Decoder - Receiver
Simple Model: Communicator Source- Message - Channel - Receiver - Effect
13.
a. (Active Audience)
The type of Audience, best suited for communication process – Active audience
Different Types of Audiences:
-Active Audience
Passive Audience
The Experts
The Laypeople
The Managers
The Technicians
The Hybrids
14.
d. (Heterophily)
The degree which individuals involved in communication differs in certain characteristics -Heterophily
Homophily refers to the degree to which pairs of individuals who interact are similar with respect to certain attributes, such as beliefs, values, education, social status, etc. Heterophily is the degree to which pairs of individuals who interact are different with respect to certain attributes.
15.
a. (Interpersonal communication)
Constant feedback between sender and receiver is the characteristics features of Interpersonal communication.
16.
a. ( Berlo)
The SMCR model of communication is given by Berlo .
The term Innovation decision process was given by Rogers
The term Homophily and Heterophily were given by Lazersfield and Merton
The theory of Social Change was put forward by K. Lewin
“Agriculture finance is the study of financing the farm business” - this definition has been given by: Murray and Nelson
17.
c. ( Liquid crystal Display)
LCD expands to Liquid Crystal Displays.
18.
a. (Direct projection)
-The principle used in slide – cum film projector- Direct projection
Slide - cum film projector projected slides on a screen through optical instruments, same as opaque projectors
cannot project 3- dimensional images
19.
a. (Electronic medium)
Amplifier is a Electronic medium
An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal. Amplifiers are used in wireless communications and broadcasting, and in audio equipment of all kinds. They can be categorized as either weak-signal amplifiers or power amplifiers.
20.
a. (Red, Blue, Yellow)
Primary color used in Extension are Red, Blue and Yellow.
Three categories of Colors in Extension:
-Primary color: Red, Blue and Yellow ( All colors are made of this three colors )
Secondary color: Green (yellow and Blue),Orange (yellow and red) and Purple (red and blue) ( secondary colors made from mixture of primary color)
Tertiary color: Color made by mixing primary and secondary colors ( Brown and Grey)
21.
d. (All)
-The teaching aid which best suit representing suspense, sequence and story telling effects are Flash cards, Flannel graph and flip cards etc.
22.
b. (Accuracy, Brevity and Clarity)
The ABC of Journalism is related to: Accuracy, Brevity and Clarity.
23.
c. (Farmers to farmers)
The technology flow in the farmers 1st model is basically from Farmers to farmers.
24.
a. (Diffusion)
The spread of technology in a social system: Diffusion
The idea which is perceived as new – Innovation
The decision to make use of innovation as best course of action – Adoption
1st stage in process of adoption according to Roger – Attention
Adopters categories are the classification of the members of the social system on the basis of Innovativeness
Innovators – Venturesome
Discontinuance occurs only after an innovations has been fully adopted.
An activity through which an individual becomes aware of the objectives around one self and of events taking place – Perceptions
( An innovation can be considered to have originated from 1. farmers research; Extension Programme; Research trail
An innovation with low relative advantage may have slow rate of adoption, high rate of discontinuance and low returns on investments.
25.
d. ( All)
Major Component in Training Process:
Training need assessment
Training program development
Implementation of training program
Evaluation
Note
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