Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) on Veterinary Extension (Part-1)

ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS

1

a. (Rural Society)

-Agriculturism is the characteristics features of Rural Society while Industrialism and technology are characteristics features of Urban Society.

- Superstition is more in Tribal Society

- Interpersonal relation is more informal in Rural Society while formal in urban society.

-Education Status is higher in Urban Society while lower in Rural society.

-Family as a work unit in Rural society while Individual from work unit in Urban society.

-Nature of people – Homogenous in rural society while Heterogenous in Urban Society. 

2.

d. (Family)
Example of Primary Group: Family
-Primary group: More cohesive, relatively small, long lasting groups sharing personal and emotional bonding. Example: Family, Close friends, Peer group and Friends.
-Social Group: Formally organized group, not as emotionally attached as primary group, characterized by larger, temporary and more task oriented than relationship. Example: Co- workers, Club and Sport team etc.
-Collectives: large group of individual who displays similar actions or outlook, characterized by loosely formation, spontaneous and brief. Example: Audience at cinema hall, Passengers in a bus
-Categories: large group of individual who are similar in some way, just giving name to show similarity. Example: Drunkard, American, Chinese etc.

Group Formation Process:

• Forming: 1st step characterized by dependence, safe, and patterned behavior where group leader guide and provide sufficient direction to other members.
• Storming: 2nd step characterized by competition and conflict among members of groups for leadership, power and authority.
• Norming: Characterized by cohesion in interpersonal relationship, where group members respect all member’s contributions for maintenance, group formation and solving the group’s issue.
• Performing: Characterized by more productive, highly task oriented, where group members work independently in a sub - group or in a group with equal facility.
• Adjoining: termination of task and disengagement from group relationship.

3.

c. (School)
-School is an example of Formal Institution

Difference Between Formal and Informal Institution

Characteristics	Formal Institution	Informal Institution
Origin	formed under a fixed plan	formed Spontaneously
Objective	predetermined, creative and related to development	to provide mental satisfaction, service
Size	generally large	comparatively small
Stability	have stability and longer life	temporary and are short- period
Scope	wide	very limited
Rules	have complete rules which are written	incomplete rules which are unwritten
Needs	for every organization, it is establish formed organization	it is optional
Chain of Command	follows official chain of command	may or may not follow

4.

b. (Auguste Comte)
-Father of Sociology – Auguste Comte
-Father of Economics - Adam Smith
-Father of Demonstration in Extension: Seamann Knapp
-Farmer’s 1st model was proposed by: R Chambers
-The steps in Extension teaching were put forwarded by Wilson and Galup

5.

c. ( Rural Sociology)
-Study of the laws of the structures and Functions of the rural society, known as Rural Sociology.

6.

b. (Ethnocentrism)
-Tendency of people to think of their culture as best – Ethnocentrism
-Egoism is a philosophy concerned with the role of the self, or ego, as the motivation and goal of one's own action
-Ethnomedicine broadly refers to the traditional medical practices concerned with the cultural interpretation of health, diseases, and illness that addresses the healthcare process and healing practices

7.

b. (Norms )
-Socially prescribed form of behaviour, transmitted by tradition and enforced by social disapproval of it’s violation, called Norms

Types of Norms:

• Folkways: Norms that stem from and organizes casual interactions. prohibition of this norm is not punishable. Dress code, hair style etc.
• Mores: Norms that structures the difference between right and wrong. Prohibition of this norm is punishable. Crime, murder, theft etc.
• Taboo: Strong negative norms, violating it results in extreme disgust. Prohibition of Vaccination of animal against FMD due to misbelief, is an example of Taboos.
• Law: Norms that formally inscribed at state or federal level.

8.

d. (Attitude)
-Example of Covert Culture: Attitude

Two types of Culture:

-Material culture: Includes all the things that transferred as a part of collective social life. For example: preparation of food, manufacture of steel, the computers and the landscaping of garden.
-Non- Material Culture: Includes the words, symbols, music, ideas of the social systems. The most important ideas are attitudes, values, and norms. Ex. Swastik sign, Om deuda song, Chandi Nach, Maruni Nach etc.
-Overt Culture: refers to culture (action) that is easily observable. Examples of Overt culture: Running, dancing, Smiling etc.
-Covert culture refers to culture that is not observable, includes mental processes. Examples of Covert Culture: thinking, dreaming, Attitude etc.

9.

d. ( All)
-Social Change is meant the change in the society ( Social organization, social structure, social customs, belief etc). over a period of time.
-Factors play important role in social Change: Geographic, Economic and Political
-Example of Technological factor of Social Change : AI
-Veterinarian as a Extension Education Specialist acts as a Change Agent.

Characteristics of social change:

-Universal in nature
-Inevitable
-Continuous process

Forms of Social Change:

-Evolutionary change: Change that do not occurs of sudden but occur gradually, but it appears as it occurs suddenly.
-Fluctuating Change: Change that fluctuates like waves, sometimes towards progress while sometimes towards degrees.
-Cyclic Change: Changes that occurs in a cyclic manner, in which previous events reoccurs.

10.

d. ( All)
Characteristics of Extension Education:
Extension literally means “Stretching out”
Extension can be considered as Service, Profession and Discipline
Continuous process
Educative process
Two – way process
Applied Science
Informal Education
Extension Education is helping people to help themselves
Extension is “Learning by doing while seeing is believing”.
The term “ Extension” was formally 1st introduced in 1873 by Cambridge University.

11.

b. ( Need)
-The difference between ‘ what is’ and ‘what is ought to be’ - Need
-The expression of the ends towards which the efforts are directed is Goal

12.

c. (Learning)
-Process by which a person becomes changed in his behavior through self activity = Learning

Elements of Teaching- Learning Situation:

Five essential elements of Teaching- Learning Situation:
-Instructor: (Extension teacher)
-Learner:
-Subject matter:
-Teaching equipments and materials: (projectors, board, chalk and duster; markers, books, journals)
-Physical facilities: Classroom environment (extra sound, ventilation facility)

13.

c. ( Attention)
-1st step in Extension teaching Process – Attention

Steps in Learning process (Steps of Extension Teaching process)

• -Attention (Getting attention of the learners)
• -Interest (Stimulating learner’s interest)
• -Desire (Arousing learner’s desire for information)
• -Conviction (Convincing the learners that he would go for action)
• -Action (Getting actions by the learners)
• -Satisfaction (Ascertaining satisfaction from actions) .

14

a. (1952)
-Community Development Programme was started in the year 1952
-Some Community Development lays more emphasis on People’s participation.
-Main Aim of Community Development Programme – Overall development of the people

Main Objectives of the Community Development Programme are:

• To assist in Building good panchayat, Co- operatives and Schools
• -Provides Minimum Health Services
• -Providing recreational facilities
• -Person that overseeing the community development activities at block level – Block Development Officer

Principles of Community Development

-Go to the people - Live with the people - work with the people
-start the program from what they have - plan with the people

15.

c. (Cinema)
-Example of Group teaching Methods – Meeting, Buzz Sessions and Circular letter

Extension Teaching Methods

On the Basis of Use:
-Individual Teaching methods- Farm and Home visits, Office calls, personal letter, telephone calls, result demonstration, e- mail, mobile, modern communication technology etc.
-Group Teaching methods- Method demonstration, result demonstration, field trip/tour, all kind of meeting, Group discussion, Training, Lecture, workshop and seminar.
-Mass Teaching Methods- All printed materials, Broadcasting media, social media like Facebook, G- mail, Website, Exhibitions, Campaign etc.
On the basis of Forms:
-Written form: All printed materials, Personal letters, Circular letters etc.
-Spoken form: General and specific meetings of all kinds, Discussion, Farms and Home visit, Office call, Radio etc.
-Visual form: Demonstrations, Exhibition, Posters, Charts, Slides, Motion Picture, and other visual aids.
-Spoken and Visual forms: Meeting at result demonstrations, meeting involving motion pictures, Television etc.
-Electronic forms: Radio, T.V., Computer, Laptop, Mobile, social media likes E- mail, Facebook, Website, Telephone.

Note:

-One important limitation of Radio – One way Communication
-Most appropriate teaching method during disease outbreak is Campaign
-Combination of all three extension teaching methods ( Individual, Group and Mass) - appropriate extension teaching methods.

16.

a. (Method Demonstration)
-Ideal method for showing the poultry farmers how to mix medicine in Water: Method Demonstrations
-To show worth of a new feed formulation to the farmer, effective teaching method : Result Demonstration
-The method used when the farmer isn’t there in the field while the extension worker make a visit: Flag Method. Since, Flag method is a method where a group of farmers is appointed together to visit fellow farmers, give some advise and carry feedback to research institutes. The farmers also organize some training programs about the problems and the measures to address them .

17.

d. (Poster)
-Example of Projected teaching Aids: LCD, OHP, Slide Projectors

Types of Teaching Aids (Instructional Aids)

• -Printed Media: Textbook, Workbook, Study guides, pamphlet, Reference book, Newspaper, Magazine, Reference book
• -Audio aids: Radio, Phonograph, Tape recorder
• -Visual aids: Chalk board, still pictures
• -Non- Projected aids: Phonograph, Illustrations ; Projected Aids: Slides, film Strips, Opaque Projectors, Overhead projectors
• -Graphic materials: Charts, Graphs, Maps Posters
• -Exhibitions: Schoolmate displays, Bulletin Boards, Museums, Planned boards and felt boards, Objects - Specimen and models
• -Audio- Visual Aids: Motion pictures, Television, Video Demonstration and Dramatization
• -Community Resources: Field trips and resources persons.

18.

c. (Reconsideration)
-The stage in Program planning which Follow the stage of evaluation is Reconsideration.

Basic steps involved in Program planning and Actions:

• -Collect facts
• -Analyse situation
• -Identify needs and problems
• -Decide Objectives
• -Develop plan of work
• -Execute plan
• -Evaluation
• -Reconsiderations

19.

b. (Marginal Farmers)
-Farmers having less than 1 hectare of Dry land only is classified as Marginal Farmers.

On the basis of land holding in Acres

• Marginal Farmers: < 1 hectare
• -Small Farmers - 1-2 hectare
• -Semi - Medium - 2-4 hectare
• -Medium- 4- 10 hectare
• -Large - 10 hectare and above

20.

b. (Political Neutrality)
-The principle of Co-operation implies that non alignment to any political body and observance of neutrality are the fundamental aspects to be observed in a cooperative society comes under the principle of Political Neutrality.

21.

b. (People)
In the word Democracy, Cracy means to rule while Demo means people.

22.

c. (Plan of work)
-Outlines of activities so arranged so as to enable effective execution of Programme – Plan of Work
-Outline of activities arranged Chronologically – Calendar of work
-Judging of effectiveness of Programme – Evaluation
-Programme planning is a both rigid and flexible process.
-1st phase in Programme development cycle – Collecting of Facts
-The information for evaluation can be collected at all stages of Program

23.

b. (Mixed Farming)
-The type of farming in which Crop production is combined with livestock farming is known as Mixed farming.

Types of Farming

• -Extensive farming: In extensive farming it is the only land, which is increased to get more yield, other factors remain unchanged.
• -Intensive Farming: Under such farming, in contrast to extensive farming, more labour and capital is used in the same plot of land to get more yields.
• -Specialized farming: The farm from which 50% or more income is derived from a single enterprise viz. crops, livestock, dairy, poultry, etc., such farm is called specialized farm.
• -Mixed farming: Mixed farming is one where crop production is combined with the rearing of the livestock. If a farm produces at least 10 % (at most 49%) of produce from livestock. the said farm would be called as mixed farm.
• -Diversified farming: A diversified farming is one that has several production enterprises or sources of income. But no source of income should produce more than 49% of income.
• -Co operative farming: In this type of farming all the members have the right of ownership in the business.The members voluntarily pool their resources for running the business and there is no pressure other than cooperative members.
• -Capitalistic farming: In capitalistic farming the investment of land and capital is done by big business person or capitalist. Wages are paid to the laborers employed.
• -Cooperate farming: It has the characteristics just like capitalistic farming, but the right of ownership is on the basis of shares taken by the member. Profit is distributed according to share of members.
• -State Farming: Government carries out state farming. Farm managers are employed for conducting day-to-day agricultural operations. The farm may be mechanized or un- mechanized depending upon the size of the farm. The Government provides finances as well as other facilities and also fixes the policy to be adopted. The profit or loss is entirely borne by the Government.
• -Collective Farming: Collective members surrender their land, livestock and implements to society. Members elect a managing committee, which is responsible for allocation of work, distribution of income and marketing of surpluses.
• -Pheasants farming: Farmers follow Agricultural Practices in their own way & managers & organizers of their farm business. Entire farm family members make decisions.

24.

c. (Campaign)
-An intensive teaching activity undertaken at an opportune time for a brief period of time, focusing attention on a concerted manner toward a particular problem so as to stimulate widest possible interest in the community – Campaign
-Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view - Propaganda

25.

c. (Family)
-The basic unit of Extension work is Family

26.

a. (Professional leader)
-An Extension worker is an example of Professional leader

Different Types of Leaders:

• -Traditional leaders: They are traditional minded and characterized by traditional values, attitudes. They generally resists new technology and do not believe in change.
• -Political leader: They are born out of conflict and struggle for political power.
• -Autocratic leader: They like to hold maximum power on their hand. The leader alone formulate the policy of the group. They try to maintain social distance from their members.
• -Democratic leader: They believe in democracy. They allow maximum participation of members in decision making. Such leaders work for general welfare of community.
• -Laissez- faire leaders: Such leaders give complete freedom for group or individuals in decision making. They believe that if you have workers, the work will be done itself. They only supply information and materials when asked. This type of leadership may leads to low productivity, lack team work and another leader may arrive.
• Institutional leaders: They are the leaders whose power are most formalized i.e. they work on rules and regulations made by the institution.
• -Beurocratic Leaders: Leaders who are paid officials of government are beurocratic leaders. They are punctual, and discipline in their work.
• -Professional leaders: They are experts in some specific field. Examples: Extension workers.
• -Situational leaders: They are born out of critical situation. When there is no one to lead or control the situation, situational leader are born.
• -Lay leader: They are not well trained in leadership but work as leader for part time. They are also called volunteer leader. Example: Youth club president.

Note

For Video: https://youtu.be/gFYDoendhd0

Since it's a part 1, For mcq on Veterinary Extension (Part2), visit site