Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) on Veterinary Extension (Part-3)

ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS

1

d. (All )
The methodology for accelerated rural development includes: Increasing the productivity and volume of production in agriculture; promoting marketing support for rural area; Skill formation and skill upgrading for rural area.

Some other facts about Rural development:

• Rural development Programme should be planned in accordance with local interests
• Rural development Programme should be formed to meet Short- term, Long -term and emergent changes.
• Cottage industry plays a significant role in the development of rural areas because - They are capable of providing full time and part -time employment to rural people; they help rural people to supplements their incomes; they are specifically suitable for the rural area.
• For rural development, a conductive ecology and development is essential because rural’s lifestyle has close link with nature and its resources.
• The all-round development of rural people can be achieved by means of Extension education.

2.

b. (Joint families are both an impediment and a factor of rural development)
On the basis of membership ( Internal organization), there are two types of families:
Nuclear family: Husband, wife and their childrens.
Joint family: composed of two or more nuclear families.

Note:

A nuclear family may be large (if the number of children is more) and a joint family may be small (if the number of children is less).

3.

b. (5 yrs )
A community development block passes through 4 stages of development
*Pre- Extension stage: ( period - 1ys)
Majors functions of the Pre - Extension stage Block were:
To conduct agricultural demonstrations
To survey block area
To prepare ground for intensive stage
*Stage - 1 block : ( Period -5 yrs) characterized by intensive development.
*Stage -2 Block: ( period- 5 yrs)
*Post stage -2 block : ( permanent block and follow up block )

4.

b. (Program planning is spontaneous process )

Principles of Program planning:

• Continuous process
• Co- ordinated process; Resource and people
• Educational process
• teaching - learning process
• democratic process
• Steps in Extension Program Planning
• Collect Facts - Analysis situation - Identify problems - Decide on objectives
• Develop plan of work - Execute plan - Determine progress - Reconsiderations

Note:

Programme which are taken up in the village and small industries sectors are mainly promotional in nature.

5.

a. (Autocracy)
Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power over a state is concentrated in the hands of one person.
Bureaucracy: Government of non - elected officials. A system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
Anarchy: Absence of government and absolute freedom of the individual, regarded as a political ideal.
Monarchy: A form of government with a monarch ( king) at the head.

6.

d. (10)
In training and Visit System ( Benor system, T and V system), 10 number of farmers were selected from 100 farm families.
-In training and Visit system ( Benor system, T and V system), 8 number of Agricultural extension workers are posted at block level
-T and V system was developed by World bank expert Daniel Benor.
This system is based on frequent training of extension workers and regular field visits for onwards guiding the farmers in agricultural production and raising their income.
In this system, training was imparted to the extension workers at two levels: 1st level - middle level officer of department of agriculture was trained by master trainers ( university scientist)at monthly workers while in 2nd level- this middle level officer trained grass root extension workers.
Visits: After getting training, these grass -root extension workers transfers their knowledge and skills to the contact farmers through regular field visits. These contact farmers inturns shared these knowledge to 10- 15 fellow farmers.

7.

b. (Practical Demonstrations)
An extension worker, while extending scientific knowledge to the farmers, starts with Practical Demonstration.

8.

b. (B.P. Pant)
The idea of having a village guide in each village for introducing new skills among the rural people was introduced by B.P. Pant.

9.

c. (Cooperation's)
When the villagers cooperates with the extension officers at different level in implementing the new Programme, it is known as principle of Cooperation.
When an Extension Programme is successfully completed and the farmers and his family members are satisfied by solving the problems and getting new ideas, it is called Principle of satisfactions.

10.

a. (Early adopter)

Based on their Innovativeness, Adopters are of following types:

• Innovators: Starting (2.5%) of people are innovators: Innovators are also called as Experimenters as they always try out new ideas before anyone else in their community.
• Early Adopters: (13.5% of people) are early adopters: they are not the persons who test the innovation firsthand but are quickest to use the already tried ideas in their own situations.
• Early Majority: (34%) are early majority: they adopt the new idea only after they are convinced about the value of an innovation.
• Late Majority: (34%). they adopt the new ideas just after the average members of a social system have adopted.
• Laggards (Late adopters): 16%: they are one who are highly conservatives, try to resist change and seldom take risks. When laggard finally adopt an innovation, it may already have been superseded by another more recent idea which the innovators are already using.

11.

b. (Birth)
Caste is a class gained by Birth
Ethnicity is the feeling of certain groups that they belong to culturally separate groups, customs, language, ancestors and so they are different from other groups.
Status is the position of the individual in the group
“Role is a set of socially expected and approved behavior patterns, consisting of both
duties and privileges associated with a particular position in a group.
The accepted ways of eating, clothing, talking, training children and youth, supporting
agent etc. are called the customs of society. The way of celebrating birthdays, marriage,
death funeral etc. are the examples of customs.
A norms is a rule prescribing how to behaves in a particular situation. For example: Dress code in party, eating three meals in a day, wearing uniforms in a school etc.
Value is the conception of the desirable or standard of evaluation which acts as guide for
decision making.
Belief is what people believe or what people trust.

12.

c. (Plan of work)
Plan of work answers the four ‘W’ and one “H”.
What, Who, Where, when, Why and How.
Plan is an outline of extension activities so arranged as to enable efficient execution of the entire program.
A calendar of work is a plan of work chronologically arranged extension activities.
Project is an outline of procedure and pertains only to some phase of extension work
Programme is the statement of situation, objectives, problems and solutions.
Program planning is also defined as a process of preparing a systematic line of action for achieving certain overall and specific objectives in relation to needs and resources.

13.

a. (Nuclear family)

Types of Family

On the basis of Authority:
Patriarchal- Authority lies on male member of family
Matriarchal- Authority lies on female member of family
Equilibrium- Authority lies equally on both
On the basis of Descent
Patrilineal- A person is affiliated with a group of relatives which are related to him through his father is known as patrilineal family.
Matrilineal- A person is affiliated to the relatives from mother side is known as matrilineal family.
Bilateral- A person is affiliated to the relatives from both sides (parents) is known as bilateral family.
On the basis of Residence
Patrilocal: The newly married couple live with the parents of bridegroom
matrilocal: The newly married couple live with the parents of bride
Bilocal: In bilocal family, there is a choice for the couple to stay either with the groom’s parents
or with the brides' parents.
On the basis of Membership
Nuclear: It is composed of husband, wife and their children.
Joint : It is composed of two or more nuclear families.

14.

a. (Secured)
Value is the conception of the desirable or standard of evaluation which acts as guide for
decision making.
Secured values exists in rural family while secular value exists in urban family.

15.

d. (Both a and b)
Social stratification is the process by which individuals and groups are ranked in a more or less enduring hierarchy of status”.

Dimension of Social Stratification

• Economic Dimension: It is related to wealth, money, properties etc.
• Political Dimension: it is related to the politics and military power.
• Social Dimension: It refers to the respect in the society.

Basis of social stratification

• Cast based stratification: The cast-based stratification is based on birth. The population is divided into 4 categories: Brahmins, Chhetri, Vaishya and Sudra in order of highest to lowest level. The Brahmin caste stand the highest rank whereas the sudra is at the lowest rank in the stratification by caste.
• Class based stratification: It is based on economic resources, power, prestige, wealth, position etc. There are 3 classes i.e., Upper, Middle and Lower class.

16.

a. (Law)
Compulsive Social control element - Law
Situational social control element- Mores
Informal social control element - Folkways
Bound social control elements - norms
Codification of mores - Law

17.

a. (Cognition )
Element of behavior responsible for “To Know” - Cognition
Element of behavior responsible for “ To feel” - Affection
Element of behavior responsible for “ Behavior after affection” - Conation

18.

a. (Stereotype)
To make a fix image of an individual on previous knowledge, experience and skill is known as Stereotype
To make a negative image of an individual on previous knowledge, experience and skill, known as - Prejudice

19.

b. (Feedback)
Response of Audience back to communicator - Feedback
Faithful performance of communication process by all it’s element - Fiedelity
Process by which individual maintain contact with it’s environment - Perception
Difference between communicated matter of Extension agent and received matter of Audience - Communication gap

20.

a. (Specimen)
Sample which represent whole object - Specimen
Miniature replica of the object - Model
Scenic representation of original - Diaroma

21.

a. (Diagram)
Line drawing of an object or idea - diagram
Information drawing of an idea - Map
Information in the tabular form - Chart
A pictorial representation of an algorithm - Flow charts
Diagrammatic representation of relationship between variables - Graph

22.

c. (35 mm)
-Most common used slide is of size of 35 mm .
Most Common used slides for extension work - 16 mm

23.

c. (Adoption)
Decision to make full use of an innovation - Adoption
Degree of certainty of receiving expected benefits from the adoptions of an innovation, known as predictability
When an individual (decision making unit) form a favourable or unfavorable attitude towards innovation, known as - Persuasion
Decision to not adopt an innovation - Rejection
Decision to put the innovation in use - Implementation

24.

c. (What is)
Present status of affair - What is
Concept given by research , known as - What could be
Realistic selected goal - What ought to be

25.

b. (Pamphlet)
Pamphlet: Single sheet of unfolded paper containing information on only one important subject or topic.
Leaflet: Also a single sheet of paper, dealing with one important problem or topic, is folded many times ( more than four folds).
Folders: same as leaflets, contains more than 4 folds.
Booklet/Bulletin: A bulletin is a bulkier printed matter containing a number of pages.
Circular letter: It is a letter which is reproduced and sent with the sample information's to many people by the extension worker, to publicize an extension activity ( e.g. exhibition, meeting, fairs etc.) or to provide timely information on problems related to farm and home.

26.

b. (17-18%)
Influence on adoption of people:
Personal contact - 17 -18%
Method demonstration - 15 %
Result demonstration - <5%
Radio talk - 1%
Telephone call - < 1%

27.

a. (Primary effect)
If you believe is saying “ 1st impression count” agree with principle of - Primary effect
According to the principle of primary effect, the tendency to recall information presented at the start of a list better than information at the middle or end.
According to the principle of recency, the tendency for people to more easily recall items that are presented last in a list.
According to Halo effect, the tendency for positive impressions of a person, company, brand or product in one area to positively influence one's opinion or feelings in other areas. Halo effect is “the name given to the phenomenon whereby evaluators tend to be influenced by their previous judgments of performance or personality.
The principle of least interest suggests that the person who is least interested in maintaining a relationship can most easily walk away from the relationship.

28.

b. (Aptitude test )
Prediction of future performance is the intent of Aptitude test
Achievement test: An achievement test measures how an individual has learned over time and what the individual has learned by analyzing his present performance. The aim of an achievement test is to determine student's knowledge in a specific subject area.
An aptitude test is a way for employers to assess a candidate's abilities through a variety of different testing formats. Aptitude tests will test your ability to perform tasks and react to situations at work. This includes problem-solving, prioritization and numerical skills, amongst other things.
Cultural bias occurs in testing materials when test items assess knowledge or experiences that are specific to a certain culture.

29.

a. (10%)
One generally retain after reading a book - 10%
Lectures - 5%
Audio - visual aid- 20%
Demonstration - 30%
Group Discussion - 50%
practice by doing - 75%
Teaching others - 90%

30.

a. (Hypothesis)
A hunch, guess, imaginative idea which become the basis of action or investigation - Hypothesis
Hypothesis testing refers to the systematic and scientific method of examining whether the hypothesis set by the researcher is valid or not.
The null hypothesis assumes that there does not exist any relationship between the variables under investigation, while the alternate hypothesis confirms the association between the variables under investigation.

31.

b. (Learning curve)
Research by psychologist indicates that individual learn a new skill, bit of knowledge, or set of facts through a learning process that, when plotted over time, follows a normal curve and this curve, can be called: Learning Curve
-Interaction effects indicate that a third variable influences the relationship between an independent and dependent variable
-A learning curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between how proficient people are at a task and the amount of experience they have.
The S- shaped adoption Curve breaks global adoption into stages along the growth cycle: Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority, and Laggards. Most of the growth occurs during the Early and Late Majority stages.

Note

For Video: https://youtu.be/ZnQWSS2lrbc

Since, it's a part 3, For multiple Choice Questions on Veterinary Extension (part 2), visit site