Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) on Animal Nutrition (Part-5)

Multiple Choice Questions

1.Vitamin- K deficiency seen by the injection of: a. Sulfonamide drugs b. Tetracycline c. Penicillin d. All

2. Urea toxicity results when rumen NH3 level exceeds (mg/100ml): a. 60 b. 70 c. 80 d. 100

3. A silage containing animal organic waste (poultry dropping, swine excreta) is called a. Haylage b. Wastelage c. Brown silage d. Bad silage

4. Desired Calcium: Phosphorus ratio for dogs is a. 1.2-1.4:1 b. 1.2:2 c. 1:2 d. 2:1

5. Taurine is essential amino acids in a. Cattle b. Horse c. Pigs d. Cats

6. The number of KOH required to neutralize the free organic acids in 1 gram of fat is called as: a. Acid value/number b. Saponification Number c. Iodine number d. Rancid number

7.Circulatory level of Glucose in pig (mg/100ml): a. 40-70 b. 20-30 c. 10-20 d. 80-120

8. Which of the following is Amino polysaccharide? a. Starch b. Glycogen c. Heparin d. Fructans

9. In dog, the amount of water loss through urine per day is a. 0.6-liter b. 6-liter c. 5-liter d. 0.8 liter

10. Enzyme carbonic anhydrase has which element: a. Iron b. Zinc c. Magnesium d. Copper

11. Amount of iron excreted in Sow milk: a.7 mg/day b. 8 mg/day c. 10mg/day d. 12mg/day

12. Empirical Formula of Vitamin B12 is a.C63H88O14PCo b. C63H84O14PCo c. C60H84O12PCo d. C63H80O10PCo

13. Crude protein in Creep ration of Swine is: a.10% b. 13% c. 16% d. 18%

14.Level of Rovimix in poultry diet is (gm/quintal of feed): a. 150 b. 200 c. 250 d. 300

15.Crippling disease occur due to: a. Genistin b. Coumerism c. Lathyrogen d. Mimosin

16.Digestibility of treated Straw is a. 46% b. 70% c. 80% d. 30%

17.The normal bacterial population, per ml of rumen content is: a. 10^9 to 10^11 b. 10^ 6 c. 10^ 17 to 10^18 d. 10^15

18.Loss of Dry matter due to effluent is a. 20% b. 2-10% c. 10-60% d. 60%

19.Debranching enzymes in glycogen synthesis is: a. Amylo -1,4- glucosidase b. Amylo- 1,6- glucosidase c. Amylo- 1,3-glucosidase d. Amylo-1,2-glucosidase

20.For Glucose, which organ is insulin dependent: a. Lungs b. Liver c. Brain d. Spleen

21.Which of the following is used after defluorination? a. Slaked lime b. Alum c. Rock PO4 d. None

22. Vitamin –H (Biotin) is also known as: a. Antiangial factor b. Anti-infective factor c. Anti eggwhite injury factor d. Anti-inflammatory factor

23.Condensation enzyme of lipogenesis is which of the following? a. Acetyl CoA b. Beta-Ketoacetyl ACP synthase c. Acyl CoA d. None

24.Single Article of food is known as: a. Feed b. Ration c. Diet d. None

25.Color of Bile juice in Cattle is a. Green b. Dark Yellow c. Golden Yellow d. Blue

26.Concentrate fed to cattle have how much TDN? a. 65-68% b. 68-72% c. 72-75 % d. 76-79%

27. One degree C increases basal metabolic rate up to: a. 20% b. 30% c. 33% d. 40%

28.Pepsin isn’t an example of: a. Exopeptidase b. Endopeptidase c. Both d. None

29.Which of the following hormones synthesis is banned? a. Stilbesterol b. Insulin c. Testosterone d. Thyroid

30. Hay stored at high moisture content (more than 20%): a. Show marked temperature increases due to growth of thermophilic molds b. Increases the digestibility of Nutrients c. Increases the wastage of Hay d. All

Correct Answers:

1

a. (Sulfonamide drugs)

-Since Vitamin K is obtained from the intestinal flora in sufficient amount to prevent deficiency. On administration of these sulpha drugs, these sulpha drugs acted by increasing the need of these Vitamin K by decreasing it’s absorptions and decreasing it’s bacterial synthesis.

Other Facts related to Vitamins:

Vitamin B and C are synthesized in rumen.
Vitamin E deficiency causes Mulberry Heart disease in pig, Exudative diathesis in chicken, and fatal syncope in pigs and calves.
Vitamin A deficiency causes Xeropthalmia in pig
Biotin (Vit-H) is part of acetyl CoA carboxylase.
Liver of polar bear has very high amount of Vitamin- A
Vitamin D helps in synthesis of Specific messenger RNA
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) consists of iso- alloxazene nucleus
Storage site of Vitamin E – Ito cells of liver -Conversion of Vitamin A from Carotene is performed in Epithelial cells of intestine
1 IU of Vitamin A is equivalent to 0.6mcg of beta – carotene
Vitamin A promotes Muco- polysaccharide synthesis by activating Calcium – Molecules
Ascorbic acid was 1^st isolated by Szent Gyorgi
Sheep don’t need any additional Vitamin A if the minimum carotene content in ration is 5mg/kg feed
Vitamin D stimulates incorporation of P2O5 into Phospholipid of intestinal mucosa.

2.

c. 80mg/100ml

Other Facts related to Urea:

Nickel is essential for urease activity of rumen microbes
The recommended level of urea in total Dry matter diet in dairy cattle is 1%
The accepted percentage of total protein in diet of dairy cattle beyond which urea isn’t benefited – 13%
The bacteria unable to use Ammonia effectively if it’s rumen concentration per 100 ml exceeds (in mg) – 5-8mg/100ml
Maximum degradability of urea is 100% -80% of nitrogen in urine is in the form of urea
In urea cycle, ammonification of carbonic acid is done.
Minimum Permittable Limit of Urea feeding – 27gm /100kg. B.wt.
Urea doesn’t feed in following conditions – Young cattle/ lactating/Horse/Pig

3.

b. (Wastelage)

-A silage containing animal organic waste (Poultry dropping, swine excreta) is called Wastelage.

Other facts related to Silage:

Very good silage has the pH – 3.5- 4.2
Good silage has the pH – 4.2- 4.5
Bad silage has the pH – more than 5
The continual presence of Oxygen in silage deteriorates silage quality.
Bacteria which allow to propagate in silage is Lactobacillus while Coliform and Clostridium shouldn’t allow to propagate in silage
Butyric acid and acetic acids contents in certain silage is high because silage have undergone clostridial fermentation.
Commonest type of silage produced from unwitted grasses, where lactic acid bacteria dominant, fermentation is known as lactate silage.
Due to Penta methylene diamine, Adenine, Betaines etc., off smell occurs in silage.
Layer of silage removed at a time is 3 inches
Minimum keeping time for silage making – 4 weeks
Height of filling level of silo – 5 feet
Plant for making hay/silage should cut at flowering stage
In legumes silage, molasses should be added
Temperature of silage is 38 degree C
pH of the silage is 4
Pit in ground for silage making – Silo

4.

a. (1.2-1.4:1)

Desired Ca:P ratio for Dogs is 1.2-1.4:1
Desired Ca:P ratio for cats is 1:1
Desired Ca:P ratio in Cow’s milk is 1.2:1

5.

d. (Cats)

Some facts related to Amino acids

Taurine is essential amino acid in Cats
Wheat is deficient in Lysine amino acids while Pulses are deficient in Methionine amino acids
-Cysteine can be synthesized from methionine
-1^st limiting amino acids in protein of Groundnut cakes – Lysine
-Limiting amino acids in meat/bone – tryptophan's; Limiting amino acids in Soyabean- methionine; Limiting amino acids in wheat – Lysine
-The percentage of non – essential amino acids in body protein – 40%
-Bile acids have Cysteine and glycine -Lysine and Arginine are antagonist of each other
-Increasing order of Toxicity of Amino acids: Threonine <tyrosine <Methionine
-Example of ketogenic amino acids – Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Tyrosine while true ketogenic amino acids – Leucine -Total types of amino acids in body- 20, Out of which, number of essential amino acids in Ruminant – zero while in pigs, human – 8
-Optically inactive amino acids – Glycine while Glutathione, valine, Tryptophan – Optically active
-Bond present between 2 amino acids – peptide bond
-In alkaline solution, amino acids act as anion while in acidic solution acts as cations
-Solution with amino acids at which pH value is electrically neutral – Isoelectric pH
-Amino acids are soluble in water while insoluble in organic solvent.

6.

a. (Acid value/number)

The presence of free fatty acids in fat which causes rancidity of fat, called Acid value/number.
Rancid number/PV number: Peroxide value (milli- equivalent peroxide per 1 kg of fat) more than 7 seen rancid.
Saponification Number: the weight of KOH in milligrams, needed to saponify 1 gram of fat.
Iodine Number: number of iodine in milligram required to saturate the fatty acids present in 100 mg of oil or fat.
High grade Carcass have an iodine value of less than 65.

7.

d. (80-120mg/100ml)

The Circulatory level of Glucose in Pig – 80- 120mg/100ml
The Circulatory level of Glucose in Cow - 40-70mg/100ml

Other Facts related to Glucose:

- Glucose is also known as Aldose sugar, Dextrose, Sugar of life, Grape sugar while Fructose is known as Fruit sugar (Sweetest sugar).

8.

c. (Heparin)

Heparin, Hyaluronic acid, Chondroitin - Aminopolysachharide
Glycogen, Starch, Fructans – Non – Aminopolysachharide
Glycogen is Homopolysaccharide
Example of Triose Sugar – Glyceraldehyde
Example of Pentose Sugar – Arabinose
Examples of Hexose Sugar – Glucose, Erythrose, Galactose

9.

a. (0.6 liter)

The amount of water loss through urine in Dog is 0.6 liter
The amount of water loss through urine in Horse is 5 liters
The amount of water loss through urine in Cow is 7 liters

10.

b. (Zinc)

Enzyme carbonic Anhydrase has zinc
Zinc is derived from metabolic process of kidney
Zinc deficiency in poultry causes Swollen Hock syndrome while zinc deficiency in pig and cattle causes Parakeratosis

11.

a.(7mg/day)

Amount of iron excreted in Sow milk – 7 mg/day
Requirement of iron in pig is 15mg/day while in chick 9mg/ days
Excretion of iron occurs in Hematuria, hemoglobinuria, Mensuration etc.
Iron deficiency causes Microcytic Normochromic Anemia in Calves while Microcytic Hypochromic anemia in pigs/Chicks.
0% iron is excreted in urine
In feed, iron is present as ferric form, while iron absorbed through GI tract as Ferrous form
Iron absorbed through intestine by active transport
Iron present in storage tissue as Hemosiderin
Iron present in the form of ferritin in mucosa of intestine
In Muscles, Iron is present as Myoglobulin while in plasma, iron is present as Transferrin, while in body, most of iron is found in form of Hemoglobulin

12

a.(C63H80O10PCo)

Empirical Formula of Vitamin- B12: C63H80O10PCo
Empirical Formula of Vitamin- E: C29H50O2
Empirical Formula of Carbohydrates: Cn(H20) n

13.

d. (18%)

Crude protein% requirement in Creep Ration of Swine is 18%
Required % of CP in grower ration of Swine – 16%
Required % of CP in boar Ration – 14%
Feed cost in Swine includes 75% of whole rearing cost
Volatile fatty acids are produced in caecum of Swine
Nutritive ratio of Starter in Pig is 1:4
1^st limiting Amino acids of Pig – Lysine
1 Kg TDN in swine feeding equals to 4500Kcal
Diet of Pig should be supplied with linoleic acid
Pellagra in pig is caused due to deficiency of Niacin
Goose Step Walking caused due to deficiency of both B6 and B3
Folic acid deficiency in pig causes Both Anemia and Lipopenia
Diet of pig should be based on Concentrate
Energy requirement of Pig is expressed as: DE or ME Kcal/ kg ration
Mineral requirement of Swine depends on Proteins
Hog should be Self – fed except gestating and Breeding Boar
Starch cannot be fed to swine up to 2 weeks of age
Level of iron sulphate in creep fed – 2%
Level of Crude fiber in diet of Gestating sow – 10-12%
Average amount of feed consumes by adult pig – 3.5 – 4.5 kg/head/day
Feeding Schedule for the potential porkers and heavy Hog up to 45 kg B.wt. – Ad lib

14.

c. (250 gm/ quintal of feed)

-Level of Rovimix in poultry diet – 250gm/quintal of feed
-Level of Rovibe in poultry diet – 20 gm/ quintal of feed
Pearson square concept is used in poultry nutrition to calculate protein
Yeast should be fed in case of zinc deficiency
Chelating agents, such as EDTA are sometimes used in Chick ration for increasing zinc Absorption
Required level of Iodinated casein in poultry – 110- 220 mg/kg of feed
Poultry nectar is used as flavoring agent in poultry nutrition
Sodium bentonite is used as pellet binder in poultry nutrition.
Safety margin for Vitamin in Poultry ration is twice.
Poultry ration should have 1% linoleic acid and 0.01% antioxidants and 2.3% Calcium
Basal metabolism production of poultry is 2.75cal/kg live B.wt./ hrs.
For 0- 6 weeks old chick, methionine should not be less than 0.46%
Requirement of Vit- A in poultry – 800 IU/kg feed
Only Essential fatty acids of poultry – Linoleic acid
Manganese required in maximum amount in poultry rations.
Ca: P ratio in Broiler Finisher - 155:1
Protein % in Broiler ration – 19 -24%
Poultry eats in limit to satisfy its energy needs.
Feeding requirements of poultry is expressed as – Kg of feed for 100 birds
Optimum level of fat in poultry diet – 2-5%
% Of total expense in poultry feed – 60- 65%

15.

c. ( lathyrogen)

Crippling disease (Lathyrism), neurotoxic disorder affecting people and domestic animals, characterized by irreversible spastic paralysis of hind limb.
Genistein is a phytoestrogen that occurs naturally in the diet especially in soyabeans, and soy-based foods, are of interest of chemo preventive agents for variety of disease and cancer.
Mimosin: Mimosin toxin found in Mimosa pudica, characterized by Alopecia, Anorexia, Weight loss, Hypersalivation, low thyroid concentration etc.

16.

b. (70%)

Digestibility of Treated Straw – 70%
Digestibility of Untreated Straw – 46%
Straw can be treated with alkali/acid, Salt:
4% Ca (OH)2 is used for 4 months in straw treatment
12% KOH is used for 4 months in straw treatment
2.5% NH4OH is used in straw treatment.

Note:

On Grinding of grain, the digestibility increases while in case of roughage/hay, the digestibility decreases.

17.

a. (10^9 to 10^11)

The normal bacterial population, per ml of rumen content – 10^9 to 10^ 11/ml
The normal protozoal population per ml of rumen content- 10^6/ ml
Protozoa cannot tolerate a pH value less than 5.5
Microbial protein has a BV of 0.8
Under normal condition, pH of ruminal liquor is 5.5- 6.5
The normal ruminal flora is established at age of 6 weeks
In total digested microbial protein, the likely % of protozoal origin – 25%
Immediately after a meal, the gas production in the rumen of cow may exceeds (L/hr.)- 30litre/hrs.
Mineral that cannot be absorbed by rumen – Ca/Mg while Na+, K+ Co+, Fe+2 is absorbed from Rumen wall.
Na+, K+ are absorbed against concentration gradient in rumen.
Rate of lactate absorption in Rumen- 1/10 of Volatile fatty acids
Volatile fatty acids absorbed in Rumen as Anionic form
Total Volatile fatty acids in Rumen – 60- 120 meq/litres
Percentage of Methane Gas in Rumen – 30-60%

18.

c. (10- 60%)

Loss of Dry Matter due to effluent – 10-60%
Loss of Dry Matter due to Anerobic fermentation – 2-10%
Loss of Dry matter due to Aerobic fermentation – 20%

19.

b. (Amylo- 1,6- glucosidase)

Debranching enzymes in glycogen synthesis – Amylo-1,6-glucosidase
Branching enzymes in glycogen synthesis – Glycosyl- 4,6- transferase
Branching in molecules of glycogen is more than Starch
Degradation of glycogen – Glycogenolysis
Synthesis of Glycogen – Glycogenesis
Degradation of Glucose – Glycolysis
Synthesis of Glucose – Glucogenesis
Vitamin B12 is participated in Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis from lactate and propionate, is common in Ruminants.
TCA cycle occurs in Mitochondria
Key molecules for TCA cycle – OAA
% Of creatinine in skeletal muscles – 0.5%
-End product of Anaerobic glycolysis – Lactate and Ethanol while End Product of Aerobic Glycolysis – Pyruvate
When cAMP increases, Glucose synthesis increases
Enzymes which is present in Liver but absent in muscles – Glucose -6- Phosphatase

20.

c. (Brain)

Brain is the organ which depend on insulin for glucose Uptake.
Glucose gate of cell is opened by Insulin
Blood glucose level in Laying hen – 139-290 mg/100ml
Blood Glucose level in Non – Ruminant – 80-120mg/100ml
Blood Glucose level in Ruminant – 30-70mg/100ml

21.

c. (Rock Phosphates)

-Rock Phosphates are used after Defluorination

Facts related to Fluorine:

Minimum Permittable limit of Fluorine in Water - 3 ppm
Excess of Fluorine causes Fluorosis while deficiency of Fluorine causes dental Caries.

22.

c. (Anti egg white injury factor)

Vitamin H – Anti egg white injury factor
Vitamin B6 - Anti dermatic factor
Vitamin K – Anti hemorrhagic factor
Vitamin A – Anti-infective factor
Vitamin D- Anti rickettsial factor

23.

b. (Beta- Ketoacetyl ACP synthase)

Condensation enzymes of Lipogenesis – Beta- Ketoacetyl ACP synthase
For elongation, Malonyl CoA is used in Endoplasmic reticulum while Acetyl CoA used in Mitochondria.
Site of Lipogenesis – Liver and Adipose tissue in cattle; Only Adipose tissue in pig; only liver in case of Poultry
Adipose tissue has only 10-20% of total fat while 50% of total fat depot is in S/C tissue
Synthesis of Fatty acids occurs in Cytosol -Beta- Oxidation except Activation occurs in Mitochondria
Activation enzymes of Beta- Oxidation – Thiokinase
In the diet, ratio of Antiketogenic to Ketogenic food should be less or equal than 2
Hormones responsible for decreasing blood fat content – Thyroxin
Cleavage enzymes of Beta- Oxidation – Beta –Ketothiolase
Beta – oxidation was discovered by Knoop
Beta – hydroxy butyrate and Aceto- acetic acid are used as a source of the energy preferably by Skeletal muscles
Examples of Ketone bodies: Acetate, Aceto acetic acid, Beta – hydroxy butyric acid
Level of Acetate in blood – 10 mg/100 ml

24

a. (Feed)

Single Article of food – Feed
Amount of feed offer to an individual for a specific period – Ration
Amount of feed consumed by Animal in a given time – Diet

25.

a. (Green)

- Color of Bile in Ruminants is Green in color due to presence of biliverdin while color of bile in Non – Ruminant is golden yellow due to presence of bilirubin.

26.

b.(68-72%)

Concentrate fed to cattle should have 68- 72% TDN
Production ration have Concentrate in cross breed is 1kg/2 kg milk production while production ration in zebu cattle is 1 kg/3 kg milk production.
Concentrate that fed to cattle should have 14 -16 DCP
Requirement of DCP at 5 month of pregnancy is 0.14 kg
Carotene should be fed to cattle – 4 times more than required rate.
DM requirement for camel – 2% of their Body weight
Level of DM in Buffalo feed – 2.5-3% of their Body weight
Level of DM in Zebu Cattle – 2 -2.5% of their Body weight.
Amount of succulent in cattle feeds – 2/3 part of total roughage
Level of mineral mixture and Salt in Cattle feeding – 1% of total concentrate
For 1 liters of Milk Production, requirement of Mineral is 0.7%

27.

c. (33%)

-One degree C increases Basal metabolic Rate up to 33%

Basal metabolic rate: Number of calories burnt just to perform life sustaining activity.

28.

a. (Exopeptidase)

Example of Exopeptidase – Carboxypeptidase, Aminopeptidase and Dipeptidase
Example of Endopeptidase- Pepsin, Trypsin, Parapepsin
Amino peptidase and Dipeptidase are peptidase of intestine, also known as Erepsin

29.

a. (Stilbesterol)

Since Estradiol has a carcinogenic effect, nowadays banned to use as growth promotor.
Hormones used to increase milk Production are Thyroxin and Growth Hormone
Hormones are not used as Stimulator in case of Breeding and Pregnant Animals.

30.

a. (Show marked temperature increases due to growth of thermophilic molds)

Hay stored at high moisture contents (more than 20%), show marked temperature increases due to growth of thermophilic molds.
In the preparation of Good Quality of Hay, following things should considered:
Green fodder shouldn’t be exposed to sun for longer period without proper Turning
The Fodder shouldn’t be exposed to rains
Rapid Sun drying helps in formation of Vitamin D2 and conservation of Carotene.

Note

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