1. Pigeon produces in its crop: a. Pigeon HCl b. Pigeon milk c. Pigeon lipase d. Pigeon pepsin
2. Which statement is true for uneven milking? a. Lactose reduced, protein and fat increased b. Protein reduced, lactose and fat increased c. Protein increased, lactose and fat reduced d. Fat increased, lactose and protein reduced
3. Mammary glands are modification of which of the following: a. Sebaceous gland b. sudoriferous gland c. Oil glands d. None
4. Left and right halves of udder are separated by: a. Intermammary groove b. intermammary ligaments c. Not separated d. intermammary septa
5. Milk production by hind and fore quarter of udder are respectively: a. 60% and 40% b. 40% and 60% c. 70% and 30% d. 80% and 20%
6. Which of the following mammary ligament is elastic: a. Lateral b. Median c. Both above d. None
7. Which quarters of udder are communicating to each other? a. Right b. Left c. Both a and b d. None
8. Which of the following cell around alveoli of udder are responsible for letdown of milk: a. Epithelial cells b. Nerve cells c. Myoepithelial cells d. Oxyntic cell
9. In comparison to morning milk, milk fat of evening milk is which of the following: a. Lower b. Higher c. Equal d. Not compared
10. Milk duct is known as: a. Papillary duct b. Interlobar duct c. Galactophore d. Interlobular duct
11. Minimum herd size required for machine milking: a. 10 b. 12 c. 15 d. 5
12. Buffalo milk is not yellowish because: a. It contains more fat c. It contains no carotene b. It contains no lactose d. It contains more calcium
13. Depression in body for milk vein is known as: a. Milk well b. Milk groove c. Milk hilus d. Milk lamellae
14. Which of the following have fine hairs on teats: a. Cow b. Bitch c. Sow d. Mare
15. Which of the following is known as mammary artery? a. Perineal artery b. femoral artery c. External pudic artery d. Tibial artery
16. The freezing point of milk is about: a. - 29 degree C b. - 0.10 degree C c. -4.5degree C d. -0.55degree C
17. Beesting is another name of which of the following: a. Bee Colony b. Bee male c. Colostrum d. Bee female
18. Which nerve fiber are not present in udder: a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic c. Both d. None
19. Udder grow from which of the following: a. Endoderm b. Mesoderm c. Mesenchyme d. Ectoderm
20. Which of the following hormone responsible for growth of lobules alveolar secretary system: a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Both d. None
21. Lactation includes: a. Secretion and removal of milk b. Secretion of milk c. Removal of milk d. Production of milk
22. Shrinkage of organ to its original size is known as: a. Involution b. Evolution c. Innovation d. Invention
23. Which method of milking should be avoided: a. Full hand milking b. Stripping c. Machine milking d. Knuckling
24. Comfort temperature zone of cross bred cow is a. 65-70degree F b. 60-65 degree F c. 75-80 degree F d. 65-75 degree F
25 . Secretion rate of milk is controlled by: a. Pressure in alveolar lumen b. Quantity of milk c. Both d. None
26 In pregnant cow, milk production is decreased after how many days of gestation periods: a. 150 days b. 120 days c. 140 days d. 135 days
27. Marked increased in pressure of alveolar lumen up to 60 mm of Hg occurs in a. 1st Stage b. 2nd Stage c. 3rd Stage d. None
28. Residual milk and age of cow are related with milk yield and persistency of milk as: a. Directly proportional b. Not related c. Inversely proportional d. Irregular
29. Milk minus milk serum is a. Milk fat b. Skim milk c. Coagulum d. Casein
30. Casein is present in milk as which of the following: a. Colloidal suspension b. Emulsion c. True Solvent d. Homogenized
31. Which constituent is critical for milk yield? a. Milk fat b. Milk casein c. Milk lactose d. Calcium
32. Which of the following is the protein of milk: a. 3.3 b. 2.2 c. 3.1 d. 3.4
33. Mastitis milk is higher in which of the following: a. Chloride b. catalase c. Both d. None
34 The rate of milk feeding to calf should be about: a. 5-6 liter/day b. 7-8 liter/day c. 2-3 liter/day d. 8-9 liter/day
35 Dietary fiber limit for pig and poultry is a. 3-5% b. 6-8% c. 8-10% d. 12-14%
36. Milk viscosity is due to which constituents of milk: a. Casein b. Albumin c. Globulin d. Phospholipid
37. During which period of lactation, milk yield of cow is at its peak: a. 2-4 weeks b. 8-10 weeks c. 4-8 weeks d. 10-12 weeks
38. Which of the following have maximum casein in its milk: a. Cow b. Buffalo c. Human d. Bitch
39. Mate the cow following parturition (in days): a. 60 b. 90 c. 70 d. 80
40. Which animal does not have 9% SNF? a. Sheep b. Goat c. Buffalo d. Cow
41. Which of the following is the specific gravity of colostrum? a. 1.07 b. 1.03 c. 1.05 d. 1.02
42. On heating, colostrum will a. Boil b. Clot c. Evaporates d. Warm up
43. Milk boil……….than water: a. Slowly b. Equally c. Quickly d. Not compared
44. Phosphatase test for standardized milk: a. Positive b. Neutral c. Depend upon temperature d. Negative
45. Maximum pesticide tolerance (1.25 mg/kg of milk fat) is for: a. Chlorane b. Fenitrothin c. DDT d. Lindane
46. Ratio of milk powder and water in recombined milk is: a. 1:3 b. 1:5 c. 1:2 d. 1:7
47. Soft curd milk is low in which of the following: a. Calcium b. Casein c. Both d. None
48. Which of the following has maximum milk production: a. Sahiwal b. Red Sindhi c. Rathi d. Gir
49. Antibody of ruminant colostrum are protected in calf gastrointestinal tract by: a. Trypsin inhibitor of milk c. Ruminal microflora b. Cecal microflora d. Intestinal alkanity
ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS
1
b. (Pigeon milk)
- Crop milk is the secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds that is regurgitated to young birds. It is found among all pigeons and doves where it is referred to as pigeon milk.
- Lactation in birds is controlled by prolactin, which is the same hormone that cause lactation in mammals.
- Unlike mammals, both male and female pigeons produce pigeon milk. Pigeon milk contains protein (60%), fat (32-36%), carbohydrate (1-3%), minerals (calcium, potassium, sodium and phosphorus) and antibodies.
2
b. (Protein reduced, Lactose and Fat increased)
- During uneven milking, Protein reduced, and fat and lactose increased.
- Comparison to regular milking schedule, in uneven milking, SNF of milk remains constant.
3.
b. (Sudoriferous Gland)
Mammary glands are the modification of sudoriferous glands, also known as Sweat gland.
4.
(Intermammary groove)
- Right and left Udder is separated by intermammary grooves.
5.
b. (40% and 60% respectively)
- Milk production by hind and fore quarter of udder are 40% and 60% respectively
6
b. (Median ligament)
Median ligament is elastic in nature, responsible for udder breakdown.
7
d. (None above)
None of the quarters of udder are communicating to each other’s.
8
c. (Myoepithelial cell)
- Myoepithelial cells around alveoli of udder are responsible for milk letdown.
- Oxyntic cells, also known as parietal cells, are epithelial cells in the stomach that secretes HCL and intrinsic factors.
9.
b. (Higher)
- In comparison to morning milk, milk fat of evening milk is higher.
- Cows are normally milked twice a day, early morning and late afternoon. Milk obtained at the morning milking is lower in fat (3%) than at the afternoon milking. (5%). This is not because fat secretion is reduced in the morning time but because there is net carryover of residual milk rich in fat is higher in milk milked at night.
10
c. (Galactophore)
- Milk duct – Galactophore
- Papillary duct- Streak canal
- Milk from alveoli goes into terminal duct.
11
b. (12)
- Minimum herd size required for machine milking is 12 (least)
12
c. (It contains no carotene)
- Buffalo milk is not yellowish because it contains no carotene, while cow milk is yellow in color due to presence of carotene.
- Green color of whey is due to Lactochrome.
- Skim milk is bluishish yellow in color
13
(Milk well)
- Depression in body for milk vein is known as milk well.
14
d. (Mare)
- Mare has fine hairs on teat.
| Teat of Animals | Total number of teats | Streak canal per teat | Milk Duct | Hairs on teat |
| Cattle | 4 | 1 | 8-12 | Absent |
| Bitch | 10 | 1 | 8-20 | Absent |
| Sow | 14 | 1 | 2-3 | Absent |
| Sheep/Goat | 2 | 1 | - | Fine |
| Horse | 2 | 2 | 2-4 | Fine |
15
c. (External pudic artery)
- External pudic artery is known as mammary artery.
- Subcutaneous Abdominal vein is known as milk vein which is index of milking ability.
16
d. (-0.55 degree C)
- Freezing point of milk is = -0.55 degree C
- Boiling point of milk is = 100.5 degree C
- Surface tension of milk (Dyne/cm) = 55
- Milk acidity = 0.13%
- Average specific gravity of milk = 1.030
- Refractive index of milk at 20 degree C = 1.34
17
c. (Colostrum)
Another name of Colostrum is Beesting.
18
b. (Parasympathetic)
Only Sympathetic nerve fibers are present in udder, responsible for holding up of milk
19
d. (Ectoderm)
Udder grows from ectoderm.
20
b. (Progesterone)
- Progesterone and prolactin hormones are responsible for growth of lobules alveolar secretary system while estrogenic hormones responsible for proliferation of duct system.
- Hormone of lactogenesis – Prolactin (also known as Mammotropin or Luteotropin)
- Hormones of Mammogenesis - Progesterone and Prolactin
21
a. (Secretion and removal of milk)
- Lactation includes both (secretion) and removal (let down) of milk.
- Secretion- prolactin and let down (Oxytocin)
22
Involution
Shrinkage of organ to its original size is known as Involution.
23
d. (Knuckling)
- Knuckling method of milking should be avoided.
- Best method of milking – Full hand milking. Full hand milking, also known as fisting.
- After machine milking, remaining milk should be removed from udder by stripping.
24
d. (65–75-degree F)
Comfort zone of cross breed cow is 65- 75-degree F.
25
(Pressure in alveolar lumen)
- Secretion rate of milk is controlled by pressure in alveolar lumen.
26
b. (120 days)
-In pregnant cow, milk production is decreased after 120 days of gestation periods.
27
c. (3rd stage)
- Marked increased in pressure of alveolar lumen up to 60 mm of Hg occurs in 3rd stage.
28
c. (Inversely Proportional)
- Residual milk and age of cow are inversely related to milk yield and persistency of milk.
- Increase in residual milk and age of cow decreases milk yield and persistency of milk.
29
c. (Coagulum)
- Milk - Milk serum = Coagulum
- Milk - milk fat = Skim Milk
30
a. (Colloidal suspension)
- Casein is present in milk as Colloidal suspension while fat is present in milk as emulsion.
31
c. (Milk Lactose)
- Milk Lactose is critical for Milk yield.
32
(3.3%)
| Composition of Milk | Value |
| Total solid | 12.5% |
| Fat | 4.9 % |
| Protein | 3.3 % |
| Casein | 2.6 % |
| Albumin | 0.5 % |
| Beta – lacto globulin | 0.3% |
| Alpha – lactalbumin | 0.13% |
| Lactose | 4.6% |
| Ash | 0.8% |
| Calcium | 0.13% |
| Phosphorus | 0.10% |
| Magnesium | 0.01% |
| Sodium | 0.06% |
| Potassium | 0.16% |
33
(Chloride)
Mastitis milk is higher in Chloride content.
34
(5-6 liter/day)
The rate of milk feeding to calf should be about 5-6 lit/day.
35
b. (6-8%)
- Dietary fiber limit for pig and poultry is 6-8%.
36
(Casein)
Milk viscosity is due to which casein of milk.
37
c. (4-8 weeks)
- Milk yield of cow is at its peak during 4-8 weeks of lactation.
38
b. (Buffalo)
- Buffalo have maximum casein in its milk.
39
b. (90 days)
Mate the cow following 90 days of parturition.
Period of a dairy cow
| Periods | Days |
| Lactation period | 305 days |
| Dry period | 60 days |
| Gestation period | 283 days |
| Service time | 90 days post parturient |
| Intercalving period | 365 days |
| Resting periods | 0 days |
40
d. (Cow)
Cow’s milk doesn’t have 9% SNF.
| Milk | Fat | SNF |
| Cow’s milk | 3.5 | 8.5 |
| Buffalo’s milk | 5.0 | 9.0 |
| Goat/Sheep’s milk | 3.0 | 9.0 |
| Standardized milk | 4.5 | 8.5 |
| Recombined milk | 3.0 | 8.5 |
| Double toned milk | 1.5 | 9.0 |
| Skim Milk | 0.5 | 8.7 |
| Toned Milk | 3.0 | 8.5 |
41
(1.07)
- Specific gravity of colostrum – 1.07
- Specific gravity of fat – 0.9
- Specific gravity of milk - 1.03 (Cow’s milk- 1.028-1.030; Buffalo’s milk- 1.030-1.032)
- Specific Gravity of SNF in milk: 1.616
- Specific gravity of milk is expressed at 60-degree F
42
b. (Clot)
On heating, colostrum will clot.
43
c. (Quickly)
Milk boils quickly than water.
44
d. (Negative)
- Phosphatase test for standardized milk is negative.
- Phosphatase test is done to measure the efficiency of pasteurization.
45
c. (DDT)
Maximum tolerance level of pesticides/insecticide in milk is for DDT while minimum tolerance level is for Chlordane/ Fenitrothion.
Pesticides/Insecticides Level (mg/kg fat of milk)
- Chlordane/Fenitrothin 0.05
- Aldrin/ heptachlor 0.15
- Lindane 0.20
- DDT 1.25
46
d. (1:7)
- Ratio of milk powder and water in recombined milk is 1:7
47
c. (Both)
- Soft curd milk is low in both Calcium and Casein.
48
Sahiwal
- Sahiwal has maximum milk production.
49
a. Trypsin inhibitor of milk
- Antibody of ruminant colostrum are protected in calf gastrointestinal tract by Trypsin inhibitor of milk.
- - Since placental transfer to antibodies to fetal tissues does not occurs in ruminants and the colostrum of ruminant contains a trypsin inhibitor which protects the immunoglobulins from digestion in alimentary canal of calf.
Note:
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