Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) on Livestock Production and Management ( Part-3)

ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS

1

b. (6-8 hr.)

• Normally, expulsion of placenta occurs within 3- 8 hrs. of calf delivery
• Retention of fetal membranes, or retained placenta, usually is defined as failure to expel fetal membranes within 24 hr. after parturition.  

2.

c. (> 4 hrs.)

>4 hrs. of labor, Dystocia occurs. 

 Stages of Calving

Stage and time	Events
Preparatory (2 to 6 hours)	1. Calf rotates to upright position. 2. Uterine contractions begin. 3.Water sac expelled
Delivery (1 hour or less)	1. Cow usually tying down. 2. Fetus enters birth canal. 3. Front feet and head protrude first. 4. Calf delivery completed.
Cleaning (2 to 8 hours)	1. caruncle-cotyledon (button) attachments relax. 2. Uterine contractions expel membranes.

3.

(Within 1 hrs) .

• Within 1 hrs. after birth of calves, calves start suckling
• Similarly, within 15 min after birth of lamb, lamb starts suckling

4. 

c. (4- 5 hrs. after birth)

•  Meconium is the earliest (1st) stool of newborn, which is sticky, thick and dark green in color, made up of cells, proteins, fats, and intestinal secretions like bile. 
• Animals defecate meconium after 4-5 hrs. of birth.
• Meconium impaction is mainly seen in Horse.

5.

(2 month)

• Weaning time of calf is 2 months
• Weaning time of kid is 3 months
• Weaning time of lamb is 3.5month
• Weaning time of piglet is 3 weeks 

Note:

Upto weaning time, calf should kept in individual pen.

6.

a. (Soon after birth)

Facts related to Identifications:

• Large Animals (Cattle, Horse, and Buffalo) are identified by Branding. Branding reduces the value of hides. Branding is done at lower part of thigh. For Branding, bright red type of heated number or symbol are applied not than 3 minutes. 
• Small Animals (Goats) are identified by Ear tagging. Ear tags are put at upper edge of ear.
• For calf, with light color ear, tattooing is suitable method of marking. 
• The most common method of marking in swine and sheep is Ear Notching
• At first day of hatching, Poultry birds are marked by wing brand while at maturity, birds are marked by leg brands.

7.

• ½ inch away from body 
• The umbilical cord is the lifeline between the cow and her fetal calf. At birth, the cord is torn away from the placenta, but remains attached internally to the calf’s liver and circulatory system.
• The umbilical arteries and veins serve no purpose once the calf is born and soon atrophied.

8.

d. (All)

Colostrum - more protein (4 times), Vitamin A (6 times) as compared to normal milk.

but contain less fat and lactose percentage than normal milk. 

9.

c. (5 weeks of age)

• Different methods of calf feeding are Liberal milk feeding, Milk replacer and calf starter milk feeding, nurse feeding etc.
• From 10 days old, up to 9 weeks of age, Calf starter should be fed to calf. Out of which, up to 5 weeks of age, whole milk is given along with calf starter.

10.

d. (6 month of age)

Along with silage, calf starter, milk, calf should be fed with:

• 2% Minerals
• Aureomycin- 80mg/calf/day from 4-116 days of age. Aureomycin given to provides treatment and as control options for cattle against a wide range of respiratory and enteric diseases through feed rations.  

11.

b. (Before 10 days old)

• Dehorning/Disbudding of calve is done by either chemical/ electrical methods
• Chemical means – Rubbing by caustic potash stick
• Electrical method- By means of use electrical dehorner (at 1000-degree F for 10 sec)
• Dehorning in older animal is done by clipping by saw or by rubber band. 

12.

(60% of total cost)

• Cost of feeding of pig- 80% of total cost
• Cost of feeding of poultry – 60-70% of total cost

13.

d. (All) (By dentition, Rings on horns and by viewing General appearance)

Determining Age by Dentition

• At birth to one –month old: 2 or more temporary incisors teeth are present
• By 1 month: all 8 temporary incisors teeth appears
• At 2 year old: Central pair of temporary incisors is replaced by permanent ones.
• At 2.5 years old: 3^rd permanent incisor erupts
• At 3 year old: Second Pair of Incisors Fully Developed
• By 4-5 year old/ (5-6 in case of buffalo): The animal has full set of permanent incisors
• By the six year The central incisor shows wear and leveled top
• By the tenth year All incisors shows the significant wear and space in between them

 Determining age by Horn rings

• 10- 12-month-old - 1^st horn rings appears
• 2 yr. One extra ring is added
• 3^rd year 3^rd horn rings
• 4^th year 4^th horn rings
• 5^th year the first three rings disappear
• 8^th year none of the ring visible

14.

d. (All)

•  Canines' teeth's – absent 
• Upper incisors absent
• Dental pads present

15.

d. (After 12 year of age)

• Small ruminant considered aged – 5 years old
• Large ruminant considered aged - 8-year-old

16.

(50-60%)

• Dressing % is calculated by dividing the carcass weight by the live weight of animal and expressing the results as a percentage.
• Dressing % of swine – 65-80%
• Dressing % in sheep and goat- 40-50% (lower – sheep)
• Dressing % of chicken – 80%  

17.

b. (Open Animal)

• Female animal that has not been bred - Open animals
• Cow apparently always in heat/estrus - Buller/ Nymphomaniac
• Calf of a cow which possesses the color of its sire - Color Marked
• Female that nearly ready to give birth to its calf - Down calver/ Springer

18.

(Teasure bull)

• Teasure Bull: The bull which is capable of mating but not capable of spermatogenesis and used to detect heat in herd
• Yearling Bull: Uncastrated male between 1 -2 yr. of age
• Castrated male – Bullock/steer
• Male cattle castrated in his later life- Stag  

19.

b. (Slink calf)

• Immature or unborn calf which has been aborted or found dead in the uterus at the time of slaughter – Slink Calf
• Newborn calves that are less than 30 days old and not with their mothers- Bobby calves 

20.

 d. (54%)

• Buffalo contributes 54% of total milk production while cow contributes 43% of total world milk production.
• Buffalo is also known as Black Gold. 

21.

(15-20)

• 1 yr. aged ram serve 15-20 ewes
• 2- 2.5 yr. aged Ram serve 30-40 ewes
• Number of ewes should not exceeded more than 50 for any ram in lifetime  

22.

b. (6-7 yrs.)

Maximum useful age of ewe is 6-7 yrs.

23.

c. (Tagging)

• Shearing of locks of wool and dirt from dock – Tagging
• Before breeding season, wool clipped from neck and belly particularly at the region of penis known as – Ringing
• To prevent wool blindness, excess wool around the eyes should be clipped away regularly is known as – Eyeing

24.

(Artificial Insemination)

• Most common system of mating in commercial farm – Artificial Insemination
• In Flock system of mating, Ram let loose with ewes day and night during mating season
• In Pen system of mating, selected Ram are allowed to mate at night to a group of ewes.
• Hand service mating is useful for experimental farms.

25.

d. (All)

• Artificial Insemination in sheep cannot be adopted so easily as in cattle because of following reasons:
• Diluting Factor of ram semen is low
• Preservability of semen is very poor
• Diluting Ram semen losses fertility after 6-8 hrs. of dilution

26.

(Methionine)

•  Limiting Amino acid refers to the essential amino acid present in lowest quantity in food that does not meet the minimal requirements.
• 1^st limiting amino acid in swine growth is lysine.  

27.

c. (21)

• Total essential minerals for cow – 21
• Total essential minerals for swine – 20
• Total essential minerals for sheep – 15 

28.  

(Less protein that is 10% only and more energy)

29.

(Immediately)

Both lamb/ Kid stands up immediately after lambing/kidding.  

30.

a. (3- 3.5 month)

• Suckling period refers to time at which sheep gives its milk to lamb.
• Suckling period in pig is 3-5 weeks.
• Rest period in pig and sheep are 45 days and 3.5-4 month respectively while resting period is absent in cattle.

31.

d. (All)

Water needed for an adult sheep:

• 2 liter water/day during winter
• 3.5-4 liter water/day during summer
• 2-3 liter water for every 1 kg of dry feed

32.

c. (10:1)

The ratio of Nitrogen and Sulphur of protein feed in sheep is 10:1

33.

b. (Sheep)

Sheep consume more salt per unit of body weight.  

34.

d. (All)

Vitamin B, C and K2 are synthesized in rumen, shouldn’t need to supply from outside to ruminants.

35.

(White muscles Disease)

• Deficiency of Vitamin E and selenium causes white muscles disease in sheep and cattle, goat.
• Deficiency of Vitamin E and selenium causes syncope syndrome disease in pig. Syncope syndrome is medical term for fainting or passing out, caused by temporary drop in the amount of blood that flows to the brain.
• Rickets is due to the deficiency of vitamin D
• Steely wool disease is seen in growing lambs, having copper deficiency, characterized by poor fleece without its natural crimp.

36.

b. (100 gm of molasses should be provided to animals during last trimester pregnancy)

• If there is history of disease during pregnancy in flock, then we should give 100 gms molasses during last pregnancy.
• During last six week of pregnancy of ewes, feeding should be increased by 50%
• In advance stage of lactation, ewes cannot consume bulky roughage, so shouldn’t give bulky roughage.

37.

b. (4 feet long, 3 feet deep, 2 feet wide)

38. 

(Both)

Docking should be performed within 10 days of birth of lamb. Or Docking can be done at the time of castration. High environmental temperature is the factor that affect docking more adversely, causes pus formation in docked area.

39.

b. (weak lamb)

High environmental temperature during pregnancy produces weak lamb while infections during pregnancy results in dead lamb.

40.

d. (Drop bunch)

• Group of ewes likely to lamb in night – Drop bunch
• A female sheep between 1^st and 2^nd shearing – Gimmer
• A young ewe in her 1^st or 2^nd year that has not yet given birth to the lamb.

41.

d. (A lamb not claimed by its mother)

• Since the ewe doesn’t recognize its lamb by seeing, in fact ewe recognize lamb by its voice. So, most common trouble at lambing time is the refusal of ewe to claim her lamb. 
• A ram castrated after service – Seggy
• An old ewe – Crock
• Ewe that ceased to give milk- Yeld / Eild/ Barren

42.

d. (All Above)

• 2-3 billion sperms present per ejaculations of Ram
• Amount of semen used in Artificial Insemination is 0.05-0.2 ml
• Numbers of sperms for artificial Insemination should be 100-125 millions  

43.

c. (Spring)

- Main diseases seen in goat and sheep are Enterotoxaemia and PPR, so vaccination against this disease should give before onset of monsoon.

44.

b. (Hot test)

-By applying Hot, we get shrinkage at that point in clothes. 

45.

b. (Kemp)

• Chalky, white, lusterless coarse hair found around hind quarter – Kemp
• Wool from dead sheep – Dead wool
• Fleece obtained from sheep- Grease wool/ Raw wool
• Wool with 2.5’’ long fiber – Staple wool/ combing wool
• Long staple fine wool - Delaine wool
• Rejected grade wool with fiber felting together due to lack of grease in wool – Cotted wool

46.

b. (Wool fat/grease/ Degras)

• Waxy and greasy substance which is secreted from sheep skin and cling to wool fiber – Wool fat/grease/Degras
• All extraneous materials adhered to wool as impurities and includes both greese ( Fat soluble ) and suint ( water soluble) – Wool yolk
• Burr, Chaff, Sand etc. in wool considered foreign materials in wool
• Wool yolk, foreign materials together known as Shrinkage
• Carbonization process removes foreign materials from wool.
• Carbonizing is a continuous process which combines scouring to remove the wool grease and a chemical process which removes vegetable matter such as seeds, burs and grass. ... The wool is then passed through a de-dusting unit (rotary shaker) where the dust is separated from the wool by mechanical action.

47.

b. (Broken mouth)

• Aged animal with one or more broken teeth are referred to as Broken Mouth
• Animals of which all teeth have fallen – Gummer
• Animals in which all permanent teeth have fully erupted - Full Mouth

48.

d. (After shearing)

Skirting,means removing the objectionable parts such as tags, leg piece etc. is done after shearing.

49.

(> 60%)

50.

c. (Hogget/Hogs/ Tegs)

• Old broken mouthed ewe which has been retained in breeding flock beyond the normal time because of her excellent reproductive performance – Crone
• Weather lamb when ready for sale – Hoggets/Hoggs/Tegs
• Ram lamb after 1^st shearing – Dinmont's 
• Cling referred to diarrhea in sheep

Note:

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Multiple Choice Questions (Part-4), visit site